The queued remote wakeup mechanism has turned out to be suboptimal for RT
enabled kernels. The maximum latencies go up by a factor of > 5x in certain
scenarious.

This is caused by either long wake lists or by a large number of TTWU IPIs
which are processed back to back.

Disable it for RT.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210928122411.482262764@linutronix.de

Batched task migrations are a source for large latencies as they keep the
scheduler from running while processing the migrations.

Limit the batch size to 8 instead of 32 when running on a RT enabled
kernel.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210928122411.425097596@linutronix.de

mmdrop() is invoked from finish_task_switch() by the incoming task to drop
the mm which was handed over by the previous task. mmdrop() can be quite
expensive which prevents an incoming real-time task from getting useful
work done.

Provide mmdrop_sched() which maps to mmdrop() on !RT kernels. On RT kernels
it delagates the eventually required invocation of __mmdrop() to RCU.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210928122411.648582026@linutronix.de

Make cookie functions static as these are no longer invoked directly
by other code.

No functional change intended.

Signed-off-by: Shaokun Zhang <zhangshaokun@hisilicon.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210922085735.52812-1-zhangshaokun@hisilicon.com

When deciding to pull tasks in ASYM_PACKING, it is necessary not only to
check for the idle state of the destination CPU, dst_cpu, but also of
its SMT siblings.

If dst_cpu is idle but its SMT siblings are busy, performance suffers
if it pulls tasks from a medium priority CPU that does not have SMT
siblings.

Implement asym_smt_can_pull_tasks() to inspect the state of the SMT
siblings of both dst_cpu and the CPUs in the candidate busiest group.

Signed-off-by: Ricardo Neri <ricardo.neri-calderon@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Reviewed-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@linaro.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210911011819.12184-7-ricardo.neri-calderon@linux.intel.com

Create a separate function, sched_asym(). A subsequent changeset will
introduce logic to deal with SMT in conjunction with asmymmetric
packing. Such logic will need the statistics of the scheduling
group provided as argument. Update them before calling sched_asym().

Co-developed-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Ricardo Neri <ricardo.neri-calderon@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Reviewed-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@linaro.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210911011819.12184-6-ricardo.neri-calderon@linux.intel.com

Before deciding to pull tasks when using asymmetric packing of tasks,
on some architectures (e.g., x86) it is necessary to know not only the
state of dst_cpu but also of its SMT siblings. The decision to classify
a candidate busiest group as group_asym_packing is done in
update_sg_lb_stats(). Give this function access to the scheduling domain
statistics, which contains the statistics of the local group.

Originally-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Ricardo Neri <ricardo.neri-calderon@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Reviewed-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@linaro.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210911011819.12184-5-ricardo.neri-calderon@linux.intel.com

sched_asmy_prefer() always returns false when called on the local group. By
checking local_group, we can avoid additional checks and invoking
sched_asmy_prefer() when it is not needed. No functional changes are
introduced.

Signed-off-by: Ricardo Neri <ricardo.neri-calderon@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Reviewed-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@linaro.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210911011819.12184-4-ricardo.neri-calderon@linux.intel.com

There exist situations in which the load balance needs to know the
properties of the CPUs in a scheduling group. When using asymmetric
packing, for instance, the load balancer needs to know not only the
state of dst_cpu but also of its SMT siblings, if any.

Use the flags of the child scheduling domains to initialize scheduling
group flags. This will reflect the properties of the CPUs in the
group.

A subsequent changeset will make use of these new flags. No functional
changes are introduced.

Originally-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Ricardo Neri <ricardo.neri-calderon@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Reviewed-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@linaro.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210911011819.12184-3-ricardo.neri-calderon@linux.intel.com

When scheduling, it is better to prefer a separate physical core rather
than the SMT sibling of a high priority core. The existing formula to
compute priorities takes such fact in consideration. There may exist,
however, combinations of priorities (i.e., maximum frequencies) in which
the priority of high-numbered SMT siblings of high-priority cores collides
with the priority of low-numbered SMT siblings of low-priority cores.

Consider for instance an SMT2 system with CPUs [0, 1] with priority 60 and
[2, 3] with priority 30(CPUs in brackets are SMT siblings. In such a case,
the resulting priorities would be [120, 60], [60, 30]. Thus, to ensure
that CPU2 has higher priority than CPU1, divide the raw priority by the
squared SMT iterator. The resulting priorities are [120, 30]. [60, 15].

Originally-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ricardo Neri <ricardo.neri-calderon@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210911011819.12184-2-ricardo.neri-calderon@linux.intel.com

With enabled threaded interrupts the nouveau driver reported the
following:

| Chain exists of:
|   &mm->mmap_lock#2 --> &device->mutex --> &cpuset_rwsem
|
|  Possible unsafe locking scenario:
|
|        CPU0                    CPU1
|        ----                    ----
|   lock(&cpuset_rwsem);
|                                lock(&device->mutex);
|                                lock(&cpuset_rwsem);
|   lock(&mm->mmap_lock#2);

The device->mutex is nvkm_device::mutex.

Unblocking the lockchain at `cpuset_rwsem' is probably the easiest
thing to do.  Move the priority reset to the start of the newly
created thread.

Fixes: 710da3c8

 ("sched/core: Prevent race condition between cpuset and __sched_setscheduler()")
Reported-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/a23a826af7c108ea5651e73b8fbae5e653f16e86.camel@gmx.de

Currently the boot defined preempt behaviour (aka dynamic preempt)
selects full preemption by default when the "preempt=" boot parameter
is omitted. However distros may rather want to default to either
no preemption or voluntary preemption.

To provide with this flexibility, make dynamic preemption a visible
Kconfig option and adapt the preemption behaviour selected by the user
to either static or dynamic preemption.

Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210914103134.11309-1-frederic@kernel.org

These is no caller in tree since commit
523e979d

 ("sched/core: Use PELT for scale_rt_capacity()")

Signed-off-by: YueHaibing <yuehaibing@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210914095244.52780-1-yuehaibing@huawei.com

After we make the struct sched_statistics and the helpers of it
independent of fair sched class, we can easily use the schedstats
facility for deadline sched class.

The schedstat usage in DL sched class is similar with fair sched class,
for example,
                    fair                        deadline
    enqueue         update_stats_enqueue_fair   update_stats_enqueue_dl
    dequeue         update_stats_dequeue_fair   update_stats_dequeue_dl
    put_prev_task   update_stats_wait_start     update_stats_wait_start_dl
    set_next_task   update_stats_wait_end       update_stats_wait_end_dl

The user can get the schedstats information in the same way in fair sched
class. For example,
           fair                            deadline
           /proc/[pid]/sched               /proc/[pid]/sched

The output of a deadline task's schedstats as follows,

$ cat /proc/69662/sched
...
se.sum_exec_runtime                          :          3067.696449
se.nr_migrations                             :                    0
sum_sleep_runtime                            :        720144.029661
sum_block_runtime                            :             0.547853
wait_start                                   :             0.000000
sleep_start                                  :      14131540.828955
block_start                                  :             0.000000
sleep_max                                    :          2999.974045
block_max                                    :             0.283637
exec_max                                     :             1.000269
slice_max                                    :             0.000000
wait_max                                     :             0.002217
wait_sum                                     :             0.762179
wait_count                                   :                  733
iowait_sum                                   :             0.547853
iowait_count                                 :                    3
nr_migrations_cold                           :                    0
nr_failed_migrations_affine                  :                    0
nr_failed_migrations_running                 :                    0
nr_failed_migrations_hot                     :                    0
nr_forced_migrations                         :                    0
nr_wakeups                                   :                  246
nr_wakeups_sync                              :                    2
nr_wakeups_migrate                           :                    0
nr_wakeups_local                             :                  244
nr_wakeups_remote                            :                    2
nr_wakeups_affine                            :                    0
nr_wakeups_affine_attempts                   :                    0
nr_wakeups_passive                           :                    0
nr_wakeups_idle                              :                    0
...

The sched:sched_stat_{wait, sleep, iowait, blocked} tracepoints can
be used to trace deadlline tasks as well.

Signed-off-by: Yafang Shao <laoar.shao@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210905143547.4668-9-laoar.shao@gmail.com

The runtime of a DL task has already been there, so we only need to
add a tracepoint.

One difference between fair task and DL task is that there is no vruntime
in dl task. To reuse the sched_stat_runtime tracepoint, '0' is passed as
vruntime for DL task.

The output of this tracepoint for DL task as follows,
             top-36462   [047] d.h.  6083.452103: sched_stat_runtime: comm=top pid=36462 runtime=409898 [ns] vruntime=0 [ns]

Signed-off-by: Yafang Shao <laoar.shao@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210905143547.4668-8-laoar.shao@gmail.com

We want to measure the latency of RT tasks in our production
environment with schedstats facility, but currently schedstats is only
supported for fair sched class. This patch enable it for RT sched class
as well.

After we make the struct sched_statistics and the helpers of it
independent of fair sched class, we can easily use the schedstats
facility for RT sched class.

The schedstat usage in RT sched class is similar with fair sched class,
for example,
                fair                        RT
enqueue         update_stats_enqueue_fair   update_stats_enqueue_rt
dequeue         update_stats_dequeue_fair   update_stats_dequeue_rt
put_prev_task   update_stats_wait_start     update_stats_wait_start_rt
set_next_task   update_stats_wait_end       update_stats_wait_end_rt

The user can get the schedstats information in the same way in fair sched
class. For example,
       fair                            RT
       /proc/[pid]/sched               /proc/[pid]/sched

schedstats is not supported for RT group.

The output of a RT task's schedstats as follows,
$ cat /proc/10349/sched
...
sum_sleep_runtime                            :           972.434535
sum_block_runtime                            :           960.433522
wait_start                                   :        188510.871584
sleep_start                                  :             0.000000
block_start                                  :             0.000000
sleep_max                                    :            12.001013
block_max                                    :           952.660622
exec_max                                     :             0.049629
slice_max                                    :             0.000000
wait_max                                     :             0.018538
wait_sum                                     :             0.424340
wait_count                                   :                   49
iowait_sum                                   :           956.495640
iowait_count                                 :                   24
nr_migrations_cold                           :                    0
nr_failed_migrations_affine                  :                    0
nr_failed_migrations_running                 :                    0
nr_failed_migrations_hot                     :                    0
nr_forced_migrations                         :                    0
nr_wakeups                                   :                   49
nr_wakeups_sync                              :                    0
nr_wakeups_migrate                           :                    0
nr_wakeups_local                             :                   49
nr_wakeups_remote                            :                    0
nr_wakeups_affine                            :                    0
nr_wakeups_affine_attempts                   :                    0
nr_wakeups_passive                           :                    0
nr_wakeups_idle                              :                    0
...

The sched:sched_stat_{wait, sleep, iowait, blocked} tracepoints can
be used to trace RT tasks as well. The output of these tracepoints for a
RT tasks as follows,

- runtime
          stress-10352   [004] d.h.  1035.382286: sched_stat_runtime: comm=stress pid=10352 runtime=995769 [ns] vruntime=0 [ns]
          [vruntime=0 means it is a RT task]

- wait
          <idle>-0       [004] dN..  1227.688544: sched_stat_wait: comm=stress pid=10352 delay=46849882 [ns]

- blocked
     kworker/4:1-465     [004] dN..  1585.676371: sched_stat_blocked: comm=stress pid=17194 delay=189963 [ns]

- iowait
     kworker/4:1-465     [004] dN..  1585.675330: sched_stat_iowait: comm=stress pid=17189 delay=182848 [ns]

- sleep
           sleep-18194   [023] dN..  1780.891840: sched_stat_sleep: comm=sleep.sh pid=17767 delay=1001160770 [ns]
           sleep-18196   [023] dN..  1781.893208: sched_stat_sleep: comm=sleep.sh pid=17767 delay=1001161970 [ns]
           sleep-18197   [023] dN..  1782.894544: sched_stat_sleep: comm=sleep.sh pid=17767 delay=1001128840 [ns]
           [ In sleep.sh, it sleeps 1 sec each time. ]

[lkp@intel.com: reported build failure in earlier version]

Signed-off-by: Yafang Shao <laoar.shao@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210905143547.4668-7-laoar.shao@gmail.com

The runtime of a RT task has already been there, so we only need to
add a tracepoint.

One difference between fair task and RT task is that there is no vruntime
in RT task. To reuse the sched_stat_runtime tracepoint, '0' is passed as
vruntime for RT task.

The output of this tracepoint for RT task as follows,
          stress-9748    [039] d.h.   113.519352: sched_stat_runtime: comm=stress pid=9748 runtime=997573 [ns] vruntime=0 [ns]
          stress-9748    [039] d.h.   113.520352: sched_stat_runtime: comm=stress pid=9748 runtime=997627 [ns] vruntime=0 [ns]
          stress-9748    [039] d.h.   113.521352: sched_stat_runtime: comm=stress pid=9748 runtime=998203 [ns] vruntime=0 [ns]

Signed-off-by: Yafang Shao <laoar.shao@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210905143547.4668-6-laoar.shao@gmail.com

Currently in schedstats we have sum_sleep_runtime and iowait_sum, but
there's no metric to show how long the task is in D state.  Once a task in
D state, it means the task is blocked in the kernel, for example the
task may be waiting for a mutex. The D state is more frequent than
iowait, and it is more critital than S state. So it is worth to add a
metric to measure it.

Signed-off-by: Yafang Shao <laoar.shao@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210905143547.4668-5-laoar.shao@gmail.com

The original prototype of the schedstats helpers are

  update_stats_wait_*(struct cfs_rq *cfs_rq, struct sched_entity *se)

The cfs_rq in these helpers is used to get the rq_clock, and the se is
used to get the struct sched_statistics and the struct task_struct. In
order to make these helpers available by all sched classes, we can pass
the rq, sched_statistics and task_struct directly.

Then the new helpers are

  update_stats_wait_*(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p,
                      struct sched_statistics *stats)

which are independent of fair sched class.

To avoid vmlinux growing too large or introducing ovehead when
!schedstat_enabled(), some new helpers after schedstat_enabled() are also
introduced, Suggested by Mel. These helpers are in sched/stats.c,

  __update_stats_wait_*(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p,
                        struct sched_statistics *stats)

The size of vmlinux as follows,
                      Before          After
  Size of vmlinux     826308552       826304640
The size is a litte smaller as some functions are not inlined again after
the change.

I also compared the sched performance with 'perf bench sched pipe',
suggested by Mel. The result as followsi (in usecs/op),
                             Before                After
  kernel.sched_schedstats=0  5.2~5.4               5.2~5.4
  kernel.sched_schedstats=1  5.3~5.5               5.3~5.5

[These data is a little difference with the prev version, that is
because my old test machine is destroyed so I have to use a new
different test machine.]
Almost no difference.

No functional change.

[lkp@intel.com: reported build failure in prev version]

Signed-off-by: Yafang Shao <laoar.shao@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210905143547.4668-4-laoar.shao@gmail.com

If we want to use the schedstats facility to trace other sched classes, we
should make it independent of fair sched class. The struct sched_statistics
is the schedular statistics of a task_struct or a task_group. So we can
move it into struct task_struct and struct task_group to achieve the goal.

After the patch, schestats are orgnized as follows,

    struct task_struct {
       ...
       struct sched_entity se;
       struct sched_rt_entity rt;
       struct sched_dl_entity dl;
       ...
       struct sched_statistics stats;
       ...
   };

Regarding the task group, schedstats is only supported for fair group
sched, and a new struct sched_entity_stats is introduced, suggested by
Peter -

    struct sched_entity_stats {
        struct sched_entity     se;
        struct sched_statistics stats;
    } __no_randomize_layout;

Then with the se in a task_group, we can easily get the stats.

The sched_statistics members may be frequently modified when schedstats is
enabled, in order to avoid impacting on random data which may in the same
cacheline with them, the struct sched_statistics is defined as cacheline
aligned.

As this patch changes the core struct of scheduler, so I verified the
performance it may impact on the scheduler with 'perf bench sched
pipe', suggested by Mel. Below is the result, in which all the values
are in usecs/op.
                                  Before               After
      kernel.sched_schedstats=0  5.2~5.4               5.2~5.4
      kernel.sched_schedstats=1  5.3~5.5               5.3~5.5
[These data is a little difference with the earlier version, that is
 because my old test machine is destroyed so I have to use a new
 different test machine.]

Almost no impact on the sched performance.

No functional change.

[lkp@intel.com: reported build failure in earlier version]

Signed-off-by: Yafang Shao <laoar.shao@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210905143547.4668-3-laoar.shao@gmail.com

schedstat_enabled() has been already checked, so we can use
__schedstat_set() directly.

Signed-off-by: Yafang Shao <laoar.shao@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210905143547.4668-2-laoar.shao@gmail.com

Previously, 'make -C sched run_tests' will block forever when it occurs
something wrong where the *selftests framework* is waiting for its child
processes to exit.

[root@iaas-rpma sched]# ./cs_prctl_test

 ## Create a thread/process/process group hiearchy
Not a core sched system
tid=74985, / tgid=74985 / pgid=74985: ffffffffffffffff
Not a core sched system
    tid=74986, / tgid=74986 / pgid=74985: ffffffffffffffff
Not a core sched system
        tid=74988, / tgid=74986 / pgid=74985: ffffffffffffffff
Not a core sched system
        tid=74989, / tgid=74986 / pgid=74985: ffffffffffffffff
Not a core sched system
        tid=74990, / tgid=74986 / pgid=74985: ffffffffffffffff
Not a core sched system
    tid=74987, / tgid=74987 / pgid=74985: ffffffffffffffff
Not a core sched system
        tid=74991, / tgid=74987 / pgid=74985: ffffffffffffffff
Not a core sched system
        tid=74992, / tgid=74987 / pgid=74985: ffffffffffffffff
Not a core sched system
        tid=74993, / tgid=74987 / pgid=74985: ffffffffffffffff

Not a core sched system
(268) FAILED: get_cs_cookie(0) == 0

 ## Set a cookie on entire process group
-1 = prctl(62, 1, 0, 2, 0)
core_sched create failed -- PGID: Invalid argument
(cs_prctl_test.c:272) -
[root@iaas-rpma sched]# ps
    PID TTY          TIME CMD
   4605 pts/2    00:00:00 bash
  74986 pts/2    00:00:00 cs_prctl_test
  74987 pts/2    00:00:00 cs_prctl_test
  74999 pts/2    00:00:00 ps

Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Li Zhijian <lizhijian@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Chris Hyser <chris.hyser@oracle.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210902024333.75983-1-lizhijian@cn.fujitsu.com

Basic description of usage and effect for CFS Bandwidth Control Burst.

Co-developed-by: Shanpei Chen <shanpeic@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Shanpei Chen <shanpeic@linux.alibaba.com>
Co-developed-by: Tianchen Ding <dtcccc@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Tianchen Ding <dtcccc@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Huaixin Chang <changhuaixin@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Jordan <daniel.m.jordan@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210830032215.16302-3-changhuaixin@linux.alibaba.com

Two new statistics are introduced to show the internal of burst feature
and explain why burst helps or not.

nr_bursts:  number of periods bandwidth burst occurs
burst_time: cumulative wall-time (in nanoseconds) that any cpus has
	    used above quota in respective periods

Co-developed-by: Shanpei Chen <shanpeic@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Shanpei Chen <shanpeic@linux.alibaba.com>
Co-developed-by: Tianchen Ding <dtcccc@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Tianchen Ding <dtcccc@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Huaixin Chang <changhuaixin@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Jordan <daniel.m.jordan@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210830032215.16302-2-changhuaixin@linux.alibaba.com

Give reduced sleeper credit to SCHED_IDLE entities. As a result, woken
SCHED_IDLE entities will take longer to preempt normal entities.

The benefit of this change is to make it less likely that a newly woken
SCHED_IDLE entity will preempt a short-running normal entity before it
blocks.

We still give a small sleeper credit to SCHED_IDLE entities, so that
idle<->idle competition retains some fairness.

Example: With HZ=1000, spawned four threads affined to one cpu, one of
which was set to SCHED_IDLE. Without this patch, wakeup latency for the
SCHED_IDLE thread was ~1-2ms, with the patch the wakeup latency was
~5ms.

Signed-off-by: Josh Don <joshdon@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Jiang Biao <benbjiang@tencent.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210820010403.946838-5-joshdon@google.com

Use a small, non-scaled min granularity for SCHED_IDLE entities, when
competing with normal entities. This reduces the latency of getting
a normal entity back on cpu, at the expense of increased context
switch frequency of SCHED_IDLE entities.

The benefit of this change is to reduce the round-robin latency for
normal entities when competing with a SCHED_IDLE entity.

Example: on a machine with HZ=1000, spawned two threads, one of which is
SCHED_IDLE, and affined to one cpu. Without this patch, the SCHED_IDLE
thread runs for 4ms then waits for 1.4s. With this patch, it runs for
1ms and waits 340ms (as it round-robins with the other thread).

Signed-off-by: Josh Don <joshdon@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@linaro.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210820010403.946838-4-joshdon@google.com

Adds cfs_rq->idle_nr_running, which accounts the number of idle entities
directly enqueued on the cfs_rq.

Signed-off-by: Josh Don <joshdon@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@linaro.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210820010403.946838-3-joshdon@google.com

/proc/uptime reports idle time by reading the CPUTIME_IDLE field from
the per-cpu kcpustats. However, on NO_HZ systems, idle time is not
continually updated on idle cpus, leading this value to appear
incorrectly small.

/proc/stat performs an accounting update when reading idle time; we
can use the same approach for uptime.

With this patch, /proc/stat and /proc/uptime now agree on idle time.
Additionally, the following shows idle time tick up consistently on an
idle machine:

  (while true; do cat /proc/uptime; sleep 1; done) | awk '{print $2-prev; prev=$2}'

Reported-by: Luigi Rizzo <lrizzo@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Josh Don <joshdon@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210827165438.3280779-1-joshdon@google.com

Tao suggested a two-pass task selection to avoid the retry loop.

Not only does it avoid the retry loop, it results in *much* simpler
code.

This also fixes an issue spotted by Josh Don where, for SMT3+, we can
forget to update max on the first pass and get to do an extra round.

Suggested-by: Tao Zhou <tao.zhou@linux.dev>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Josh Don <joshdon@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Vineeth Pillai (Microsoft) <vineethrp@gmail.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/YSS9+k1teA9oPEKl@hirez.programming.kicks-ass.net

With PREEMPT_RT enabled all hrtimers callbacks will be invoked in
softirq mode unless they are explicitly marked as HRTIMER_MODE_HARD.
During boot kthread_bind() is used for the creation of per-CPU threads
and then hangs in wait_task_inactive() if the ksoftirqd is not
yet up and running.
The hang disappeared since commit
   26c7295b

 ("kthread: Do not preempt current task if it is going to call schedule()")

but enabling function trace on boot reliably leads to the freeze on boot
behaviour again.
The timer in wait_task_inactive() can not be directly used by a user
interface to abuse it and create a mass wake up of several tasks at the
same time leading to long sections with disabled interrupts.
Therefore it is safe to make the timer HRTIMER_MODE_REL_HARD.

Switch the timer to HRTIMER_MODE_REL_HARD.

Signed-off-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210826170408.vm7rlj7odslshwch@linutronix.de

Consider a system with some NOHZ-idle CPUs, such that

  nohz.idle_cpus_mask = S
  nohz.next_balance = T

When a new CPU k goes NOHZ idle (nohz_balance_enter_idle()), we end up
with:

  nohz.idle_cpus_mask = S \U {k}
  nohz.next_balance = T

Note that the nohz.next_balance hasn't changed - it won't be updated until
a NOHZ balance is triggered. This is problematic if the newly NOHZ idle CPU
has an earlier rq.next_balance than the other NOHZ idle CPUs, IOW if:

  cpu_rq(k).next_balance < nohz.next_balance

In such scenarios, the existing nohz.next_balance will prevent any NOHZ
balance from happening, which itself will prevent nohz.next_balance from
being updated to this new cpu_rq(k).next_balance. Unnecessary load balance
delays of over 12ms caused by this were observed on an arm64 RB5 board.

Use the new nohz.needs_update flag to mark the presence of newly-idle CPUs
that need their rq->next_balance to be collated into
nohz.next_balance. Trigger a NOHZ_NEXT_KICK when the flag is set.

Signed-off-by: Valentin Schneider <valentin.schneider@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@linaro.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210823111700.2842997-3-valentin.schneider@arm.com

A following patch will trigger NOHZ idle balances as a means to update
nohz.next_balance. Vincent noted that blocked load updates can have
non-negligible overhead, which should be avoided if the intent is to only
update nohz.next_balance.

Add a new NOHZ balance kick flag, NOHZ_NEXT_KICK. Gate NOHZ blocked load
update by the presence of NOHZ_STATS_KICK - currently all NOHZ balance
kicks will have the NOHZ_STATS_KICK flag set, so no change in behaviour is
expected.

Suggested-by: Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Valentin Schneider <valentin.schneider@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@linaro.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210823111700.2842997-2-valentin.schneider@arm.com

In commit b212921b ("elf: don't use MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE for elf
executable mappings") we still leave MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE in place for
load_elf_interp.

Unfortunately, this will cause kernel to fail to start with:

    1 (init): Uhuuh, elf segment at 00003ffff7ffd000 requested but the memory is mapped already
    Failed to execute /init (error -17)

The reason is that the elf interpreter (ld.so) has overlapping segments.

  readelf -l ld-2.31.so
  Program Headers:
    Type           Offset             VirtAddr           PhysAddr
                   FileSiz            MemSiz              Flags  Align
    LOAD           0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000
                   0x000000000002c94c 0x000000000002c94c  R E    0x10000
    LOAD           0x000000000002dae0 0x000000000003dae0 0x000000000003dae0
                   0x00000000000021e8 0x0000000000002320  RW     0x10000
    LOAD           0x000000000002fe00 0x000000000003fe00 0x000000000003fe00
                   0x00000000000011ac 0x0000000000001328  RW     0x10000

The reason for this problem is the same as described in commit
ad55eac7 ("elf: enforce MAP_FIXED on overlaying elf segments").

Not only executable binaries, elf interpreters (e.g. ld.so) can have
overlapping elf segments, so we better drop MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE and go
back to MAP_FIXED in load_elf_interp.

Fixes: 4ed28639

 ("fs, elf: drop MAP_FIXED usage from elf_map")
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v4.19
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Chen Jingwen <chenjingwen6@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Pull ext4 fixes from Ted Ts'o:
 "Fix a number of ext4 bugs in fast_commit, inline data, and delayed
  allocation.

  Also fix error handling code paths in ext4_dx_readdir() and
  ext4_fill_super().

  Finally, avoid a grabbing a journal head in the delayed allocation
  write in the common cases where we are overwriting a pre-existing
  block or appending to an inode"

* tag 'ext4_for_linus_stable' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4:
  ext4: recheck buffer uptodate bit under buffer lock
  ext4: fix potential infinite loop in ext4_dx_readdir()
  ext4: flush s_error_work before journal destroy in ext4_fill_super
  ext4: fix loff_t overflow in ext4_max_bitmap_size()
  ext4: fix reserved space counter leakage
  ext4: limit the number of blocks in one ADD_RANGE TLV
  ext4: enforce buffer head state assertion in ext4_da_map_blocks
  ext4: remove extent cache entries when truncating inline data
  ext4: drop unnecessary journal handle in delalloc write
  ext4: factor out write end code of inline file
  ext4: correct the error path of ext4_write_inline_data_end()
  ext4: check and update i_disksize properly
  ext4: add error checking to ext4_ext_replay_set_iblocks()

The objtool warning that the kvm instruction emulation code triggered
wasn't very useful:

    arch/x86/kvm/emulate.o: warning: objtool: __ex_table+0x4: don't know how to handle reloc symbol type: kvm_fastop_exception

in that it helpfully tells you which symbol name it had trouble figuring
out the relocation for, but it doesn't actually say what the unknown
symbol type was that triggered it all.

In this case it was because of missing type information (type 0, aka
STT_NOTYPE), but on the whole it really should just have printed that
out as part of the message.

Because if this warning triggers, that's very much the first thing you
want to know - why did reloc2sec_off() return failure for that symbol?

So rather than just saying you can't handle some type of symbol without
saying what the type _was_, just print out the type number too.

Fixes: 24ff6525 ("objtool: Teach get_alt_entry() about more relocation types")
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAHk-=wiZwq-0LknKhXN4M+T8jbxn_2i9mcKpO+OaBSSq_Eh7tg@mail.gmail.com/


Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The recent change to make objtool aware of more symbol relocation types
(commit 24ff6525: "objtool: Teach get_alt_entry() about more
relocation types") also added another check, and resulted in this
objtool warning when building kvm on x86:

    arch/x86/kvm/emulate.o: warning: objtool: __ex_table+0x4: don't know how to handle reloc symbol type: kvm_fastop_exception

The reason seems to be that kvm_fastop_exception() is marked as a global
symbol, which causes the relocation to ke kept around for objtool.  And
at the same time, the kvm_fastop_exception definition (which is done as
an inline asm statement) doesn't actually set the type of the global,
which then makes objtool unhappy.

The minimal fix is to just not mark kvm_fastop_exception as being a
global symbol.  It's only used in that one compilation unit anyway, so
it was always pointless.  That's how all the other local exception table
labels are done.

I'm not entirely happy about the kinds of games that the kvm code plays
with doing its own exception handling, and the fact that it confused
objtool is most definitely a symptom of the code being a bit too subtle
and ad-hoc.  But at least this trivial one-liner makes objtool no longer
upset about what is going on.

Fixes: 24ff6525 ("objtool: Teach get_alt_entry() about more relocation types")
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAHk-=wiZwq-0LknKhXN4M+T8jbxn_2i9mcKpO+OaBSSq_Eh7tg@mail.gmail.com/


Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Cc: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Cc: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <wanpengli@tencent.com>
Cc: Jim Mattson <jmattson@google.com>
Cc: Joerg Roedel <joro@8bytes.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Pull char/misc driver fixes from Greg KH:
 "Here are some small misc driver fixes for 5.15-rc4. They are in two
  "groups":

   - ipack driver fixes for issues found by Johan Hovold

   - interconnect driver fixes for reported problems

  All of these have been in linux-next for a while with no reported
  issues"

* tag 'char-misc-5.15-rc4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/char-misc:
  ipack: ipoctal: fix module reference leak
  ipack: ipoctal: fix missing allocation-failure check
  ipack: ipoctal: fix tty-registration error handling
  ipack: ipoctal: fix tty registration race
  ipack: ipoctal: fix stack information leak
  interconnect: qcom: sdm660: Add missing a2noc qos clocks
  dt-bindings: interconnect: sdm660: Add missing a2noc qos clocks
  interconnect: qcom: sdm660: Correct NOC_QOS_PRIORITY shift and mask
  interconnect: qcom: sdm660: Fix id of slv_cnoc_mnoc_cfg

Merge tag 'driver-core-5.15-rc4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core

Pull driver core fixes from Greg KH:
 "Here are some driver core and kernfs fixes for reported issues for
  5.15-rc4. These fixes include:

   - kernfs positive dentry bugfix

   - debugfs_create_file_size error path fix

   - cpumask sysfs file bugfix to preserve the user/kernel abi (has been
     reported multiple times.)

   - devlink fixes for mdiobus devices as reported by the subsystem
     maintainers.

  Also included in here are some devlink debugging changes to make it
  easier for people to report problems when asked. They have already
  helped with the mdiobus and other subsystems reporting issues.

  All of these have been linux-next for a while with no reported issues"

* tag 'driver-core-5.15-rc4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core:
  kernfs: also call kernfs_set_rev() for positive dentry
  driver core: Add debug logs when fwnode links are added/deleted
  driver core: Create __fwnode_link_del() helper function
  driver core: Set deferred probe reason when deferred by driver core
  net: mdiobus: Set FWNODE_FLAG_NEEDS_CHILD_BOUND_ON_ADD for mdiobus parents
  driver core: fw_devlink: Add support for FWNODE_FLAG_NEEDS_CHILD_BOUND_ON_ADD
  driver core: fw_devlink: Improve handling of cyclic dependencies
  cpumask: Omit terminating null byte in cpumap_print_{list,bitmask}_to_buf
  debugfs: debugfs_create_file_size(): use IS_ERR to check for error

Pull scheduler fixes from Borislav Petkov:

 - Tell the compiler to always inline is_percpu_thread()

 - Make sure tunable_scaling buffer is null-terminated after an update
   in sysfs

 - Fix LTP named regression due to cgroup list ordering

* tag 'sched_urgent_for_v5.15_rc4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  sched: Always inline is_percpu_thread()
  sched/fair: Null terminate buffer when updating tunable_scaling
  sched/fair: Add ancestors of unthrottled undecayed cfs_rq