selftests/bpf: add edge case backtracking logic test

Add a dedicated selftests to try to set up conditions to have a state
with same first and last instruction index, but it actually is a loop
3->4->1->2->3. This confuses mark_chain_precision() if verifier doesn't
take into account jump history.

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231110002638.4168352-4-andrii@kernel.org


Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>