Now, VM has a feature to migrate non-lru movable pages so balloon
doesn't need custom migration hooks in migrate.c and compaction.c.

Instead, this patch implements the page->mapping->a_ops->
{isolate|migrate|putback} functions.

With that, we could remove hooks for ballooning in general migration
functions and make balloon compaction simple.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: compaction.h requires that the includer first include node.h]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1464736881-24886-4-git-send-email-minchan@kernel.org


Signed-off-by: Gioh Kim <gi-oh.kim@profitbricks.com>
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

We have allowed migration for only LRU pages until now and it was enough
to make high-order pages.  But recently, embedded system(e.g., webOS,
android) uses lots of non-movable pages(e.g., zram, GPU memory) so we
have seen several reports about troubles of small high-order allocation.
For fixing the problem, there were several efforts (e,g,.  enhance
compaction algorithm, SLUB fallback to 0-order page, reserved memory,
vmalloc and so on) but if there are lots of non-movable pages in system,
their solutions are void in the long run.

So, this patch is to support facility to change non-movable pages with
movable.  For the feature, this patch introduces functions related to
migration to address_space_operations as well as some page flags.

If a driver want to make own pages movable, it should define three
functions which are function pointers of struct
address_space_operations.

1. bool (*isolate_page) (struct page *page, isolate_mode_t mode);

What VM expects on isolate_page function of driver is to return *true*
if driver isolates page successfully.  On returing true, VM marks the
page as PG_isolated so concurrent isolation in several CPUs skip the
page for isolation.  If a driver cannot isolate the page, it should
return *false*.

Once page is successfully isolated, VM uses page.lru fields so driver
shouldn't expect to preserve values in that fields.

2. int (*migratepage) (struct address_space *mapping,
		struct page *newpage, struct page *oldpage, enum migrate_mode);

After isolation, VM calls migratepage of driver with isolated page.  The
function of migratepage is to move content of the old page to new page
and set up fields of struct page newpage.  Keep in mind that you should
indicate to the VM the oldpage is no longer movable via
__ClearPageMovable() under page_lock if you migrated the oldpage
successfully and returns 0.  If driver cannot migrate the page at the
moment, driver can return -EAGAIN.  On -EAGAIN, VM will retry page
migration in a short time because VM interprets -EAGAIN as "temporal
migration failure".  On returning any error except -EAGAIN, VM will give
up the page migration without retrying in this time.

Driver shouldn't touch page.lru field VM using in the functions.

3. void (*putback_page)(struct page *);

If migration fails on isolated page, VM should return the isolated page
to the driver so VM calls driver's putback_page with migration failed
page.  In this function, driver should put the isolated page back to the
own data structure.

4. non-lru movable page flags

There are two page flags for supporting non-lru movable page.

* PG_movable

Driver should use the below function to make page movable under
page_lock.

	void __SetPageMovable(struct page *page, struct address_space *mapping)

It needs argument of address_space for registering migration family
functions which will be called by VM.  Exactly speaking, PG_movable is
not a real flag of struct page.  Rather than, VM reuses page->mapping's
lower bits to represent it.

	#define PAGE_MAPPING_MOVABLE 0x2
	page->mapping = page->mapping | PAGE_MAPPING_MOVABLE;

so driver shouldn't access page->mapping directly.  Instead, driver
should use page_mapping which mask off the low two bits of page->mapping
so it can get right struct address_space.

For testing of non-lru movable page, VM supports __PageMovable function.
However, it doesn't guarantee to identify non-lru movable page because
page->mapping field is unified with other variables in struct page.  As
well, if driver releases the page after isolation by VM, page->mapping
doesn't have stable value although it has PAGE_MAPPING_MOVABLE (Look at
__ClearPageMovable).  But __PageMovable is cheap to catch whether page
is LRU or non-lru movable once the page has been isolated.  Because LRU
pages never can have PAGE_MAPPING_MOVABLE in page->mapping.  It is also
good for just peeking to test non-lru movable pages before more
expensive checking with lock_page in pfn scanning to select victim.

For guaranteeing non-lru movable page, VM provides PageMovable function.
Unlike __PageMovable, PageMovable functions validates page->mapping and
mapping->a_ops->isolate_page under lock_page.  The lock_page prevents
sudden destroying of page->mapping.

Driver using __SetPageMovable should clear the flag via
__ClearMovablePage under page_lock before the releasing the page.

* PG_isolated

To prevent concurrent isolation among several CPUs, VM marks isolated
page as PG_isolated under lock_page.  So if a CPU encounters PG_isolated
non-lru movable page, it can skip it.  Driver doesn't need to manipulate
the flag because VM will set/clear it automatically.  Keep in mind that
if driver sees PG_isolated page, it means the page have been isolated by
VM so it shouldn't touch page.lru field.  PG_isolated is alias with
PG_reclaim flag so driver shouldn't use the flag for own purpose.

[opensource.ganesh@gmail.com: mm/compaction: remove local variable is_lru]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160618014841.GA7422@leo-test
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1464736881-24886-3-git-send-email-minchan@kernel.org


Signed-off-by: Gioh Kim <gi-oh.kim@profitbricks.com>
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ganesh Mahendran <opensource.ganesh@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: John Einar Reitan <john.reitan@foss.arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Recently, I got many reports about perfermance degradation in embedded
system(Android mobile phone, webOS TV and so on) and easy fork fail.

The problem was fragmentation caused by zram and GPU driver mainly.
With memory pressure, their pages were spread out all of pageblock and
it cannot be migrated with current compaction algorithm which supports
only LRU pages.  In the end, compaction cannot work well so reclaimer
shrinks all of working set pages.  It made system very slow and even to
fail to fork easily which requires order-[2 or 3] allocations.

Other pain point is that they cannot use CMA memory space so when OOM
kill happens, I can see many free pages in CMA area, which is not memory
efficient.  In our product which has big CMA memory, it reclaims zones
too exccessively to allocate GPU and zram page although there are lots
of free space in CMA so system becomes very slow easily.

To solve these problem, this patch tries to add facility to migrate
non-lru pages via introducing new functions and page flags to help
migration.

struct address_space_operations {
	..
	..
	bool (*isolate_page)(struct page *, isolate_mode_t);
	void (*putback_page)(struct page *);
	..
}

new page flags

	PG_movable
	PG_isolated

For details, please read description in "mm: migrate: support non-lru
movable page migration".

Originally, Gioh Kim had tried to support this feature but he moved so I
took over the work.  I took many code from his work and changed a little
bit and Konstantin Khlebnikov helped Gioh a lot so he should deserve to
have many credit, too.

And I should mention Chulmin who have tested this patchset heavily so I
can find many bugs from him.  :)

Thanks, Gioh, Konstantin and Chulmin!

This patchset consists of five parts.

1. clean up migration
  mm: use put_page to free page instead of putback_lru_page

2. add non-lru page migration feature
  mm: migrate: support non-lru movable page migration

3. rework KVM memory-ballooning
  mm: balloon: use general non-lru movable page feature

4. zsmalloc refactoring for preparing page migration
  zsmalloc: keep max_object in size_class
  zsmalloc: use bit_spin_lock
  zsmalloc: use accessor
  zsmalloc: factor page chain functionality out
  zsmalloc: introduce zspage structure
  zsmalloc: separate free_zspage from putback_zspage
  zsmalloc: use freeobj for index

5. zsmalloc page migration
  zsmalloc: page migration support
  zram: use __GFP_MOVABLE for memory allocation

This patch (of 12):

Procedure of page migration is as follows:

First of all, it should isolate a page from LRU and try to migrate the
page.  If it is successful, it releases the page for freeing.
Otherwise, it should put the page back to LRU list.

For LRU pages, we have used putback_lru_page for both freeing and
putback to LRU list.  It's okay because put_page is aware of LRU list so
if it releases last refcount of the page, it removes the page from LRU
list.  However, It makes unnecessary operations (e.g., lru_cache_add,
pagevec and flags operations.  It would be not significant but no worth
to do) and harder to support new non-lru page migration because put_page
isn't aware of non-lru page's data structure.

To solve the problem, we can add new hook in put_page with PageMovable
flags check but it can increase overhead in hot path and needs new
locking scheme to stabilize the flag check with put_page.

So, this patch cleans it up to divide two semantic(ie, put and putback).
If migration is successful, use put_page instead of putback_lru_page and
use putback_lru_page only on failure.  That makes code more readable and
doesn't add overhead in put_page.

Comment from Vlastimil
 "Yeah, and compaction (perhaps also other migration users) has to drain
  the lru pvec...  Getting rid of this stuff is worth even by itself."

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1464736881-24886-2-git-send-email-minchan@kernel.org


Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

We now allocate streams from CPU_UP hot-plug path, there are no
context-dependent stream allocations anymore and we can schedule from
zcomp_strm_alloc().  Use GFP_KERNEL directly and drop a gfp_t parameter.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160531122017.2878-9-sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com


Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Add "deflate", "lz4hc", "842" algorithms to the list of known
compression backends.  The real availability of those algorithms,
however, depends on the corresponding CONFIG_CRYPTO_FOO config options.

[sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com: zram-add-more-compression-algorithms-v3]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160604024902.11778-7-sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160531122017.2878-8-sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com


Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Remove lzo/lz4 backends, we use crypto API now.

[sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com: zram-delete-custom-lzo-lz4-v3]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160604024902.11778-6-sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160531122017.2878-7-sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com


Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

zram documentation is a mix of different styles: spaces, tabs, tabs +
spaces, etc.  Clean it up.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160531122017.2878-6-sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com


Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

There is no way to get a string with all the crypto comp algorithms
supported by the crypto comp engine, so we need to maintain our own
backends list.  At the same time we additionally need to use
crypto_has_comp() to make sure that the user has requested a compression
algorithm that is recognized by the crypto comp engine.  Relying on
/proc/crypto is not an options here, because it does not show
not-yet-inserted compression modules.

Example:

 modprobe zram
 cat /proc/crypto | grep -i lz4
 modprobe lz4
 cat /proc/crypto | grep -i lz4
name         : lz4
driver       : lz4-generic
module       : lz4

So the user can't tell exactly if the lz4 is really supported from
/proc/crypto output, unless someone or something has loaded it.

This patch also adds crypto_has_comp() to zcomp_available_show().  We
store all the compression algorithms names in zcomp's `backends' array,
regardless the CONFIG_CRYPTO_FOO configuration, but show only those that
are also supported by crypto engine.  This helps user to know the exact
list of compression algorithms that can be used.

Example:
  module lz4 is not loaded yet, but is supported by the crypto
  engine. /proc/crypto has no information on this module, while
  zram's `comp_algorithm' lists it:

 cat /proc/crypto | grep -i lz4

 cat /sys/block/zram0/comp_algorithm
[lzo] lz4 deflate lz4hc 842

We still use the `backends' array to determine if the requested
compression backend is known to crypto api.  This array, however, may not
contain some entries, therefore as the last step we call crypto_has_comp()
function which attempts to insmod the requested compression algorithm to
determine if crypto api supports it.  The advantage of this method is that
now we permit the usage of out-of-tree crypto compression modules
(implementing S/W or H/W compression).

[sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com: zram-use-crypto-api-to-check-alg-availability-v3]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160604024902.11778-4-sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160531122017.2878-5-sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com


Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

We don't have an idle zstreams list anymore and our write path now works
absolutely differently, preventing preemption during compression.  This
removes possibilities of read paths preempting writes at wrong places
(which could badly affect the performance of both paths) and at the same
time opens the door for a move from custom LZO/LZ4 compression backends
implementation to a more generic one, using crypto compress API.

Joonsoo Kim [1] attempted to do this a while ago, but faced with the
need of introducing a new crypto API interface.  The root cause was the
fact that crypto API compression algorithms require a compression stream
structure (in zram terminology) for both compression and decompression
ops, while in reality only several of compression algorithms really need
it.  This resulted in a concept of context-less crypto API compression
backends [2].  Both write and read paths, though, would have been
executed with the preemption enabled, which in the worst case could have
resulted in a decreased worst-case performance, e.g.  consider the
following case:

	CPU0

	zram_write()
	  spin_lock()
	    take the last idle stream
	  spin_unlock()

	<< preempted >>

		zram_read()
		  spin_lock()
		   no idle streams
			  spin_unlock()
			  schedule()

	resuming zram_write compression()

but it took me some time to realize that, and it took even longer to
evolve zram and to make it ready for crypto API.  The key turned out to be
-- drop the idle streams list entirely.  Without the idle streams list we
are free to use compression algorithms that require compression stream for
decompression (read), because streams are now placed in per-cpu data and
each write path has to disable preemption for compression op, almost
completely eliminating the aforementioned case (technically, we still have
a small chance, because write path has a fast and a slow paths and the
slow path is executed with the preemption enabled; but the frequency of
failed fast path is too low).

TEST
====

- 4 CPUs, x86_64 system
- 3G zram, lzo
- fio tests: read, randread, write, randwrite, rw, randrw

test script [3] command:
 ZRAM_SIZE=3G LOG_SUFFIX=XXXX FIO_LOOPS=5 ./zram-fio-test.sh

                   BASE           PATCHED
jobs1
READ:           2527.2MB/s	 2482.7MB/s
READ:           2102.7MB/s	 2045.0MB/s
WRITE:          1284.3MB/s	 1324.3MB/s
WRITE:          1080.7MB/s	 1101.9MB/s
READ:           430125KB/s	 437498KB/s
WRITE:          430538KB/s	 437919KB/s
READ:           399593KB/s	 403987KB/s
WRITE:          399910KB/s	 404308KB/s
jobs2
READ:           8133.5MB/s	 7854.8MB/s
READ:           7086.6MB/s	 6912.8MB/s
WRITE:          3177.2MB/s	 3298.3MB/s
WRITE:          2810.2MB/s	 2871.4MB/s
READ:           1017.6MB/s	 1023.4MB/s
WRITE:          1018.2MB/s	 1023.1MB/s
READ:           977836KB/s	 984205KB/s
WRITE:          979435KB/s	 985814KB/s
jobs3
READ:           13557MB/s	 13391MB/s
READ:           11876MB/s	 11752MB/s
WRITE:          4641.5MB/s	 4682.1MB/s
WRITE:          4164.9MB/s	 4179.3MB/s
READ:           1453.8MB/s	 1455.1MB/s
WRITE:          1455.1MB/s	 1458.2MB/s
READ:           1387.7MB/s	 1395.7MB/s
WRITE:          1386.1MB/s	 1394.9MB/s
jobs4
READ:           20271MB/s	 20078MB/s
READ:           18033MB/s	 17928MB/s
WRITE:          6176.8MB/s	 6180.5MB/s
WRITE:          5686.3MB/s	 5705.3MB/s
READ:           2009.4MB/s	 2006.7MB/s
WRITE:          2007.5MB/s	 2004.9MB/s
READ:           1929.7MB/s	 1935.6MB/s
WRITE:          1926.8MB/s	 1932.6MB/s
jobs5
READ:           18823MB/s	 19024MB/s
READ:           18968MB/s	 19071MB/s
WRITE:          6191.6MB/s	 6372.1MB/s
WRITE:          5818.7MB/s	 5787.1MB/s
READ:           2011.7MB/s	 1981.3MB/s
WRITE:          2011.4MB/s	 1980.1MB/s
READ:           1949.3MB/s	 1935.7MB/s
WRITE:          1940.4MB/s	 1926.1MB/s
jobs6
READ:           21870MB/s	 21715MB/s
READ:           19957MB/s	 19879MB/s
WRITE:          6528.4MB/s	 6537.6MB/s
WRITE:          6098.9MB/s	 6073.6MB/s
READ:           2048.6MB/s	 2049.9MB/s
WRITE:          2041.7MB/s	 2042.9MB/s
READ:           2013.4MB/s	 1990.4MB/s
WRITE:          2009.4MB/s	 1986.5MB/s
jobs7
READ:           21359MB/s	 21124MB/s
READ:           19746MB/s	 19293MB/s
WRITE:          6660.4MB/s	 6518.8MB/s
WRITE:          6211.6MB/s	 6193.1MB/s
READ:           2089.7MB/s	 2080.6MB/s
WRITE:          2085.8MB/s	 2076.5MB/s
READ:           2041.2MB/s	 2052.5MB/s
WRITE:          2037.5MB/s	 2048.8MB/s
jobs8
READ:           20477MB/s	 19974MB/s
READ:           18922MB/s	 18576MB/s
WRITE:          6851.9MB/s	 6788.3MB/s
WRITE:          6407.7MB/s	 6347.5MB/s
READ:           2134.8MB/s	 2136.1MB/s
WRITE:          2132.8MB/s	 2134.4MB/s
READ:           2074.2MB/s	 2069.6MB/s
WRITE:          2087.3MB/s	 2082.4MB/s
jobs9
READ:           19797MB/s	 19994MB/s
READ:           18806MB/s	 18581MB/s
WRITE:          6878.7MB/s	 6822.7MB/s
WRITE:          6456.8MB/s	 6447.2MB/s
READ:           2141.1MB/s	 2154.7MB/s
WRITE:          2144.4MB/s	 2157.3MB/s
READ:           2084.1MB/s	 2085.1MB/s
WRITE:          2091.5MB/s	 2092.5MB/s
jobs10
READ:           19794MB/s	 19784MB/s
READ:           18794MB/s	 18745MB/s
WRITE:          6984.4MB/s	 6676.3MB/s
WRITE:          6532.3MB/s	 6342.7MB/s
READ:           2150.6MB/s	 2155.4MB/s
WRITE:          2156.8MB/s	 2161.5MB/s
READ:           2106.4MB/s	 2095.6MB/s
WRITE:          2109.7MB/s	 2098.4MB/s

                                    BASE                       PATCHED
jobs1                              perfstat
stalled-cycles-frontend     102,480,595,419 (  41.53%)	  114,508,864,804 (  46.92%)
stalled-cycles-backend       51,941,417,832 (  21.05%)	   46,836,112,388 (  19.19%)
instructions                283,612,054,215 (    1.15)	  283,918,134,959 (    1.16)
branches                     56,372,560,385 ( 724.923)	   56,449,814,753 ( 733.766)
branch-misses                   374,826,000 (   0.66%)	      326,935,859 (   0.58%)
jobs2                              perfstat
stalled-cycles-frontend     155,142,745,777 (  40.99%)	  164,170,979,198 (  43.82%)
stalled-cycles-backend       70,813,866,387 (  18.71%)	   66,456,858,165 (  17.74%)
instructions                463,436,648,173 (    1.22)	  464,221,890,191 (    1.24)
branches                     91,088,733,902 ( 760.088)	   91,278,144,546 ( 769.133)
branch-misses                   504,460,363 (   0.55%)	      394,033,842 (   0.43%)
jobs3                              perfstat
stalled-cycles-frontend     201,300,397,212 (  39.84%)	  223,969,902,257 (  44.44%)
stalled-cycles-backend       87,712,593,974 (  17.36%)	   81,618,888,712 (  16.19%)
instructions                642,869,545,023 (    1.27)	  644,677,354,132 (    1.28)
branches                    125,724,560,594 ( 690.682)	  126,133,159,521 ( 694.542)
branch-misses                   527,941,798 (   0.42%)	      444,782,220 (   0.35%)
jobs4                              perfstat
stalled-cycles-frontend     246,701,197,429 (  38.12%)	  280,076,030,886 (  43.29%)
stalled-cycles-backend      119,050,341,112 (  18.40%)	  110,955,641,671 (  17.15%)
instructions                822,716,962,127 (    1.27)	  825,536,969,320 (    1.28)
branches                    160,590,028,545 ( 688.614)	  161,152,996,915 ( 691.068)
branch-misses                   650,295,287 (   0.40%)	      550,229,113 (   0.34%)
jobs5                              perfstat
stalled-cycles-frontend     298,958,462,516 (  38.30%)	  344,852,200,358 (  44.16%)
stalled-cycles-backend      137,558,742,122 (  17.62%)	  129,465,067,102 (  16.58%)
instructions              1,005,714,688,752 (    1.29)	1,007,657,999,432 (    1.29)
branches                    195,988,773,962 ( 697.730)	  196,446,873,984 ( 700.319)
branch-misses                   695,818,940 (   0.36%)	      624,823,263 (   0.32%)
jobs6                              perfstat
stalled-cycles-frontend     334,497,602,856 (  36.71%)	  387,590,419,779 (  42.38%)
stalled-cycles-backend      163,539,365,335 (  17.95%)	  152,640,193,639 (  16.69%)
instructions              1,184,738,177,851 (    1.30)	1,187,396,281,677 (    1.30)
branches                    230,592,915,640 ( 702.902)	  231,253,802,882 ( 702.356)
branch-misses                   747,934,786 (   0.32%)	      643,902,424 (   0.28%)
jobs7                              perfstat
stalled-cycles-frontend     396,724,684,187 (  37.71%)	  460,705,858,952 (  43.84%)
stalled-cycles-backend      188,096,616,496 (  17.88%)	  175,785,787,036 (  16.73%)
instructions              1,364,041,136,608 (    1.30)	1,366,689,075,112 (    1.30)
branches                    265,253,096,936 ( 700.078)	  265,890,524,883 ( 702.839)
branch-misses                   784,991,589 (   0.30%)	      729,196,689 (   0.27%)
jobs8                              perfstat
stalled-cycles-frontend     440,248,299,870 (  36.92%)	  509,554,793,816 (  42.46%)
stalled-cycles-backend      222,575,930,616 (  18.67%)	  213,401,248,432 (  17.78%)
instructions              1,542,262,045,114 (    1.29)	1,545,233,932,257 (    1.29)
branches                    299,775,178,439 ( 697.666)	  300,528,458,505 ( 694.769)
branch-misses                   847,496,084 (   0.28%)	      748,794,308 (   0.25%)
jobs9                              perfstat
stalled-cycles-frontend     506,269,882,480 (  37.86%)	  592,798,032,820 (  44.43%)
stalled-cycles-backend      253,192,498,861 (  18.93%)	  233,727,666,185 (  17.52%)
instructions              1,721,985,080,913 (    1.29)	1,724,666,236,005 (    1.29)
branches                    334,517,360,255 ( 694.134)	  335,199,758,164 ( 697.131)
branch-misses                   873,496,730 (   0.26%)	      815,379,236 (   0.24%)
jobs10                             perfstat
stalled-cycles-frontend     549,063,363,749 (  37.18%)	  651,302,376,662 (  43.61%)
stalled-cycles-backend      281,680,986,810 (  19.07%)	  277,005,235,582 (  18.55%)
instructions              1,901,859,271,180 (    1.29)	1,906,311,064,230 (    1.28)
branches                    369,398,536,153 ( 694.004)	  370,527,696,358 ( 688.409)
branch-misses                   967,929,335 (   0.26%)	      890,125,056 (   0.24%)

                            BASE           PATCHED
seconds elapsed        79.421641008	78.735285546
seconds elapsed        61.471246133	60.869085949
seconds elapsed        62.317058173	62.224188495
seconds elapsed        60.030739363	60.081102518
seconds elapsed        74.070398362	74.317582865
seconds elapsed        84.985953007	85.414364176
seconds elapsed        97.724553255	98.173311344
seconds elapsed        109.488066758	110.268399318
seconds elapsed        122.768189405	122.967164498
seconds elapsed        135.130035105	136.934770801

On my other system (8 x86_64 CPUs, short version of test results):

                            BASE           PATCHED
seconds elapsed        19.518065994	19.806320662
seconds elapsed        15.172772749	15.594718291
seconds elapsed        13.820925970	13.821708564
seconds elapsed        13.293097816	14.585206405
seconds elapsed        16.207284118	16.064431606
seconds elapsed        17.958376158	17.771825767
seconds elapsed        19.478009164	19.602961508
seconds elapsed        21.347152811	21.352318709
seconds elapsed        24.478121126	24.171088735
seconds elapsed        26.865057442	26.767327618

So performance-wise the numbers are quite similar.

Also update zcomp interface to be more aligned with the crypto API.

[1] http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=144480832108927&w=2
[2] http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=145379613507518&w=2
[3] https://github.com/sergey-senozhatsky/zram-perf-test

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160531122017.2878-3-sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com


Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Suggested-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Suggested-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This has started as a 'add zlib support' work, but after some thinking I
saw no blockers for a bigger change -- a switch to crypto API.

We don't have an idle zstreams list anymore and our write path now works
absolutely differently, preventing preemption during compression.  This
removes possibilities of read paths preempting writes at wrong places
and opens the door for a move from custom LZO/LZ4 compression backends
implementation to a more generic one, using crypto compress API.

This patch set also eliminates the need of a new context-less crypto API
interface, which was quite hard to sell, so we can move along faster.

benchmarks:

(x86_64, 4GB, zram-perf script)

perf reported run-time fio (max jobs=3).  I performed fio test with the
increasing number of parallel jobs (max to 3) on a 3G zram device, using
`static' data and the following crypto comp algorithms:

	842, deflate, lz4, lz4hc, lzo

the output was:

 - test running time (which can tell us what algorithms performs faster)

and

 - zram mm_stat (which tells the compressed memory size, max used memory, etc).

It's just for information.  for example, LZ4HC has twice the running
time of LZO, but the compressed memory size is: 23592960 vs 34603008
bytes.

  test-fio-zram-842
     197.907655282 seconds time elapsed
     201.623142884 seconds time elapsed
     226.854291345 seconds time elapsed
  test-fio-zram-DEFLATE
     253.259516155 seconds time elapsed
     258.148563401 seconds time elapsed
     290.251909365 seconds time elapsed
  test-fio-zram-LZ4
      27.022598717 seconds time elapsed
      29.580522717 seconds time elapsed
      33.293463430 seconds time elapsed
  test-fio-zram-LZ4HC
      56.393954615 seconds time elapsed
      74.904659747 seconds time elapsed
     101.940998564 seconds time elapsed
  test-fio-zram-LZO
      28.155948075 seconds time elapsed
      30.390036330 seconds time elapsed
      34.455773159 seconds time elapsed

zram mm_stat-s (max fio jobs=3)

  test-fio-zram-842
  mm_stat (jobs1): 3221225472 673185792 690266112        0 690266112        0        0
  mm_stat (jobs2): 3221225472 673185792 690266112        0 690266112        0        0
  mm_stat (jobs3): 3221225472 673185792 690266112        0 690266112        0        0
  test-fio-zram-DEFLATE
  mm_stat (jobs1): 3221225472  24379392  37761024        0  37761024        0        0
  mm_stat (jobs2): 3221225472  24379392  37761024        0  37761024        0        0
  mm_stat (jobs3): 3221225472  24379392  37761024        0  37761024        0        0
  test-fio-zram-LZ4
  mm_stat (jobs1): 3221225472  23592960  37761024        0  37761024        0        0
  mm_stat (jobs2): 3221225472  23592960  37761024        0  37761024        0        0
  mm_stat (jobs3): 3221225472  23592960  37761024        0  37761024        0        0
  test-fio-zram-LZ4HC
  mm_stat (jobs1): 3221225472  23592960  37761024        0  37761024        0        0
  mm_stat (jobs2): 3221225472  23592960  37761024        0  37761024        0        0
  mm_stat (jobs3): 3221225472  23592960  37761024        0  37761024        0        0
  test-fio-zram-LZO
  mm_stat (jobs1): 3221225472  34603008  50335744        0  50335744        0        0
  mm_stat (jobs2): 3221225472  34603008  50335744        0  50335744        0        0
  mm_stat (jobs3): 3221225472  34603008  50335744        0  50339840        0        0

This patch (of 8):

We don't perform any zstream idle list lookup anymore, so
zcomp_strm_find()/zcomp_strm_release() names are not representative.

Rename to zcomp_stream_get()/zcomp_stream_put().

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160531122017.2878-2-sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com


Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

We don't need to check this always.  The idea here is to capture the
wrong usage of find_linux_pte_or_hugepte and we can do that by
occasionally running with DEBUG_VM enabled.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1464692688-6612-2-git-send-email-aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com


Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Reviewed-by: Anshuman Khandual <khandual@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This enables us to do VM_WARN(condition, "warn message");

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1464692688-6612-1-git-send-email-aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com


Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Reviewed-by: Anshuman Khandual <khandual@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

It's a part of oom context just like allocation order and nodemask, so
let's move it to oom_control instead of passing it in the argument list.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/40e03fd7aaf1f55c75d787128d6d17c5a71226c2.1464358556.git.vdavydov@virtuozzo.com


Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Not used since oom_lock was instroduced.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1464358093-22663-1-git-send-email-vdavydov@virtuozzo.com


Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Since zone_can_shift() is being used to validate the target zone during
onlining, it should also be used to determine the content of
valid_zones.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1462816419-4479-4-git-send-email-arbab@linux.vnet.ibm.com


Signed-off-by: Reza Arbab <arbab@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewd-by: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Vrabel <david.vrabel@citrix.com>
Cc: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Andrew Banman <abanman@sgi.com>
Cc: Chen Yucong <slaoub@gmail.com>
Cc: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Zhang Zhen <zhenzhang.zhang@huawei.com>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

When memory is onlined, we are only able to rezone from ZONE_MOVABLE to
ZONE_KERNEL, or from (ZONE_MOVABLE - 1) to ZONE_MOVABLE.

To be more flexible, use the following criteria instead; to online
memory from zone X into zone Y,

* Any zones between X and Y must be unused.
* If X is lower than Y, the onlined memory must lie at the end of X.
* If X is higher than Y, the onlined memory must lie at the start of X.

Add zone_can_shift() to make this determination.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1462816419-4479-3-git-send-email-arbab@linux.vnet.ibm.com


Signed-off-by: Reza Arbab <arbab@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewd-by: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Vrabel <david.vrabel@citrix.com>
Cc: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Andrew Banman <abanman@sgi.com>
Cc: Chen Yucong <slaoub@gmail.com>
Cc: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Zhang Zhen <zhenzhang.zhang@huawei.com>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Add move_pfn_range(), a wrapper to call move_pfn_range_left() or
move_pfn_range_right().

No functional change. This will be utilized by a later patch.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1462816419-4479-2-git-send-email-arbab@linux.vnet.ibm.com


Signed-off-by: Reza Arbab <arbab@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Vrabel <david.vrabel@citrix.com>
Cc: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Andrew Banman <abanman@sgi.com>
Cc: Chen Yucong <slaoub@gmail.com>
Cc: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Zhang Zhen <zhenzhang.zhang@huawei.com>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

As a part of memory initialisation the architecture passes an array to
free_area_init_nodes() which specifies the max PFN of each memory zone.
This array is not necessarily monotonic (due to unused zones) so this
array is parsed to build monotonic lists of the min and max PFN for each
zone.  ZONE_MOVABLE is special cased here as its limits are managed by
the mm subsystem rather than the architecture.  Unfortunately, this
special casing is broken when ZONE_MOVABLE is the not the last zone in
the zone list.  The core of the issue is:

	if (i == ZONE_MOVABLE)
		continue;
	arch_zone_lowest_possible_pfn[i] =
		arch_zone_highest_possible_pfn[i-1];

As ZONE_MOVABLE is skipped the lowest_possible_pfn of the next zone will
be set to zero.  This patch fixes this bug by adding explicitly tracking
where the next zone should start rather than relying on the contents
arch_zone_highest_possible_pfn[].

Thie is low priority.  To get bitten by this you need to enable a zone
that appears after ZONE_MOVABLE in the zone_type enum.  As far as I can
tell this means running a kernel with ZONE_DEVICE or ZONE_CMA enabled,
so I can't see this affecting too many people.

I only noticed this because I've been fiddling with ZONE_DEVICE on
powerpc and 4.6 broke my test kernel.  This bug, in conjunction with the
changes in Taku Izumi's kernelcore=mirror patch (d91749c1) and
powerpc being the odd architecture which initialises max_zone_pfn[] to
~0ul instead of 0 caused all of system memory to be placed into
ZONE_DEVICE at boot, followed a panic since device memory cannot be used
for kernel allocations.  I've already submitted a patch to fix the
powerpc specific bits, but I figured this should be fixed too.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1462435033-15601-1-git-send-email-oohall@gmail.com


Signed-off-by: Oliver O'Halloran <oohall@gmail.com>
Cc: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

It seems like this parameter has never been used since being introduced
by 90254a65 ("memcg: clean up move charge").  Not a big deal because
I assume the function would get inlined into the caller anyway but why
not get rid of it.

[mhocko@suse.com: wrote changelog]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160525151831.GJ20132@dhcp22.suse.cz
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1464145026-26693-1-git-send-email-roy.qing.li@gmail.com


Signed-off-by: Li RongQing <roy.qing.li@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Using list_move() instead of list_del() + list_add() to avoid needlessly
poisoning the next and prev values.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1468929772-9174-1-git-send-email-weiyj_lk@163.com


Signed-off-by: Wei Yongjun <yongjun_wei@trendmicro.com.cn>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

When both arguments to kmalloc_array() or kcalloc() are known at compile
time then their product is known at compile time but search for kmalloc
cache happens at runtime not at compile time.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160627213454.GA2440@p183.telecom.by


Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Both SLAB and SLUB BUG() when a caller provides an invalid gfp_mask.
This is a rather harsh way to announce a non-critical issue.  Allocator
is free to ignore invalid flags.  Let's simply replace BUG() by
dump_stack to tell the offender and fixup the mask to move on with the
allocation request.

This is an example for kmalloc(GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_HIGHMEM) from a test
module:

  Unexpected gfp: 0x2 (__GFP_HIGHMEM). Fixing up to gfp: 0x24000c0 (GFP_KERNEL). Fix your code!
  CPU: 0 PID: 2916 Comm: insmod Tainted: G           O    4.6.0-slabgfp2-00002-g4cdfc2ef4892-dirty #936
  Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS Debian-1.8.2-1 04/01/2014
  Call Trace:
    dump_stack+0x67/0x90
    cache_alloc_refill+0x201/0x617
    kmem_cache_alloc_trace+0xa7/0x24a
    ? 0xffffffffa0005000
    mymodule_init+0x20/0x1000 [test_slab]
    do_one_initcall+0xe7/0x16c
    ? rcu_read_lock_sched_held+0x61/0x69
    ? kmem_cache_alloc_trace+0x197/0x24a
    do_init_module+0x5f/0x1d9
    load_module+0x1a3d/0x1f21
    ? retint_kernel+0x2d/0x2d
    SyS_init_module+0xe8/0x10e
    ? SyS_init_module+0xe8/0x10e
    do_syscall_64+0x68/0x13f
    entry_SYSCALL64_slow_path+0x25/0x25

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1465548200-11384-2-git-send-email-mhocko@kernel.org


Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky.work@gmail.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

printk offers %pGg for quite some time so let's use it to get a human
readable list of invalid flags.

The original output would be
  [  429.191962] gfp: 2

after the change
  [  429.191962] Unexpected gfp: 0x2 (__GFP_HIGHMEM)

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1465548200-11384-1-git-send-email-mhocko@kernel.org


Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky.work@gmail.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Implements freelist randomization for the SLUB allocator.  It was
previous implemented for the SLAB allocator.  Both use the same
configuration option (CONFIG_SLAB_FREELIST_RANDOM).

The list is randomized during initialization of a new set of pages.  The
order on different freelist sizes is pre-computed at boot for
performance.  Each kmem_cache has its own randomized freelist.

This security feature reduces the predictability of the kernel SLUB
allocator against heap overflows rendering attacks much less stable.

For example these attacks exploit the predictability of the heap:
 - Linux Kernel CAN SLUB overflow (https://goo.gl/oMNWkU)
 - Exploiting Linux Kernel Heap corruptions (http://goo.gl/EXLn95)

Performance results:

slab_test impact is between 3% to 4% on average for 100000 attempts
without smp.  It is a very focused testing, kernbench show the overall
impact on the system is way lower.

Before:

  Single thread testing
  =====================
  1. Kmalloc: Repeatedly allocate then free test
  100000 times kmalloc(8) -> 49 cycles kfree -> 77 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(16) -> 51 cycles kfree -> 79 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(32) -> 53 cycles kfree -> 83 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(64) -> 62 cycles kfree -> 90 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(128) -> 81 cycles kfree -> 97 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(256) -> 98 cycles kfree -> 121 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(512) -> 95 cycles kfree -> 122 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(1024) -> 96 cycles kfree -> 126 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(2048) -> 115 cycles kfree -> 140 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(4096) -> 149 cycles kfree -> 171 cycles
  2. Kmalloc: alloc/free test
  100000 times kmalloc(8)/kfree -> 70 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(16)/kfree -> 70 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(32)/kfree -> 70 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(64)/kfree -> 70 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(128)/kfree -> 70 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(256)/kfree -> 69 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(512)/kfree -> 70 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(1024)/kfree -> 73 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(2048)/kfree -> 72 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(4096)/kfree -> 71 cycles

After:

  Single thread testing
  =====================
  1. Kmalloc: Repeatedly allocate then free test
  100000 times kmalloc(8) -> 57 cycles kfree -> 78 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(16) -> 61 cycles kfree -> 81 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(32) -> 76 cycles kfree -> 93 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(64) -> 83 cycles kfree -> 94 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(128) -> 106 cycles kfree -> 107 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(256) -> 118 cycles kfree -> 117 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(512) -> 114 cycles kfree -> 116 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(1024) -> 115 cycles kfree -> 118 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(2048) -> 147 cycles kfree -> 131 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(4096) -> 214 cycles kfree -> 161 cycles
  2. Kmalloc: alloc/free test
  100000 times kmalloc(8)/kfree -> 66 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(16)/kfree -> 66 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(32)/kfree -> 66 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(64)/kfree -> 66 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(128)/kfree -> 65 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(256)/kfree -> 67 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(512)/kfree -> 67 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(1024)/kfree -> 64 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(2048)/kfree -> 67 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(4096)/kfree -> 67 cycles

Kernbench, before:

  Average Optimal load -j 12 Run (std deviation):
  Elapsed Time 101.873 (1.16069)
  User Time 1045.22 (1.60447)
  System Time 88.969 (0.559195)
  Percent CPU 1112.9 (13.8279)
  Context Switches 189140 (2282.15)
  Sleeps 99008.6 (768.091)

After:

  Average Optimal load -j 12 Run (std deviation):
  Elapsed Time 102.47 (0.562732)
  User Time 1045.3 (1.34263)
  System Time 88.311 (0.342554)
  Percent CPU 1105.8 (6.49444)
  Context Switches 189081 (2355.78)
  Sleeps 99231.5 (800.358)

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1464295031-26375-3-git-send-email-thgarnie@google.com


Signed-off-by: Thomas Garnier <thgarnie@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The kernel heap allocators are using a sequential freelist making their
allocation predictable.  This predictability makes kernel heap overflow
easier to exploit.  An attacker can careful prepare the kernel heap to
control the following chunk overflowed.

For example these attacks exploit the predictability of the heap:
 - Linux Kernel CAN SLUB overflow (https://goo.gl/oMNWkU)
 - Exploiting Linux Kernel Heap corruptions (http://goo.gl/EXLn95)

***Problems that needed solving:
 - Randomize the Freelist (singled linked) used in the SLUB allocator.
 - Ensure good performance to encourage usage.
 - Get best entropy in early boot stage.

***Parts:
 - 01/02 Reorganize the SLAB Freelist randomization to share elements
   with the SLUB implementation.
 - 02/02 The SLUB Freelist randomization implementation. Similar approach
   than the SLAB but tailored to the singled freelist used in SLUB.

***Performance data:

slab_test impact is between 3% to 4% on average for 100000 attempts
without smp.  It is a very focused testing, kernbench show the overall
impact on the system is way lower.

Before:

  Single thread testing
  =====================
  1. Kmalloc: Repeatedly allocate then free test
  100000 times kmalloc(8) -> 49 cycles kfree -> 77 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(16) -> 51 cycles kfree -> 79 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(32) -> 53 cycles kfree -> 83 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(64) -> 62 cycles kfree -> 90 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(128) -> 81 cycles kfree -> 97 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(256) -> 98 cycles kfree -> 121 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(512) -> 95 cycles kfree -> 122 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(1024) -> 96 cycles kfree -> 126 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(2048) -> 115 cycles kfree -> 140 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(4096) -> 149 cycles kfree -> 171 cycles
  2. Kmalloc: alloc/free test
  100000 times kmalloc(8)/kfree -> 70 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(16)/kfree -> 70 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(32)/kfree -> 70 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(64)/kfree -> 70 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(128)/kfree -> 70 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(256)/kfree -> 69 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(512)/kfree -> 70 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(1024)/kfree -> 73 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(2048)/kfree -> 72 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(4096)/kfree -> 71 cycles

After:

  Single thread testing
  =====================
  1. Kmalloc: Repeatedly allocate then free test
  100000 times kmalloc(8) -> 57 cycles kfree -> 78 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(16) -> 61 cycles kfree -> 81 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(32) -> 76 cycles kfree -> 93 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(64) -> 83 cycles kfree -> 94 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(128) -> 106 cycles kfree -> 107 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(256) -> 118 cycles kfree -> 117 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(512) -> 114 cycles kfree -> 116 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(1024) -> 115 cycles kfree -> 118 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(2048) -> 147 cycles kfree -> 131 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(4096) -> 214 cycles kfree -> 161 cycles
  2. Kmalloc: alloc/free test
  100000 times kmalloc(8)/kfree -> 66 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(16)/kfree -> 66 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(32)/kfree -> 66 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(64)/kfree -> 66 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(128)/kfree -> 65 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(256)/kfree -> 67 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(512)/kfree -> 67 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(1024)/kfree -> 64 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(2048)/kfree -> 67 cycles
  100000 times kmalloc(4096)/kfree -> 67 cycles

Kernbench, before:

  Average Optimal load -j 12 Run (std deviation):
  Elapsed Time 101.873 (1.16069)
  User Time 1045.22 (1.60447)
  System Time 88.969 (0.559195)
  Percent CPU 1112.9 (13.8279)
  Context Switches 189140 (2282.15)
  Sleeps 99008.6 (768.091)

After:

  Average Optimal load -j 12 Run (std deviation):
  Elapsed Time 102.47 (0.562732)
  User Time 1045.3 (1.34263)
  System Time 88.311 (0.342554)
  Percent CPU 1105.8 (6.49444)
  Context Switches 189081 (2355.78)
  Sleeps 99231.5 (800.358)

This patch (of 2):

This commit reorganizes the previous SLAB freelist randomization to
prepare for the SLUB implementation.  It moves functions that will be
shared to slab_common.

The entropy functions are changed to align with the SLUB implementation,
now using get_random_(int|long) functions.  These functions were chosen
because they provide a bit more entropy early on boot and better
performance when specific arch instructions are not available.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1464295031-26375-2-git-send-email-thgarnie@google.com


Signed-off-by: Thomas Garnier <thgarnie@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The per-sb inode writeback list tracks inodes currently under writeback
to facilitate efficient sync processing.  In particular, it ensures that
sync only needs to walk through a list of inodes that were cleaned by
the sync.

Add a couple tracepoints to help identify when inodes are added/removed
to and from the writeback lists.  Piggyback off of the writeback
lazytime tracepoint template as it already tracks the relevant inode
information.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1466594593-6757-3-git-send-email-bfoster@redhat.com


Signed-off-by: Brian Foster <bfoster@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
cc: Josef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com>
Cc: Holger Hoffstätte <holger.hoffstaette@applied-asynchrony.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@ZenIV.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

wait_sb_inodes() currently does a walk of all inodes in the filesystem
to find dirty one to wait on during sync.  This is highly inefficient
and wastes a lot of CPU when there are lots of clean cached inodes that
we don't need to wait on.

To avoid this "all inode" walk, we need to track inodes that are
currently under writeback that we need to wait for.  We do this by
adding inodes to a writeback list on the sb when the mapping is first
tagged as having pages under writeback.  wait_sb_inodes() can then walk
this list of "inodes under IO" and wait specifically just for the inodes
that the current sync(2) needs to wait for.

Define a couple helpers to add/remove an inode from the writeback list
and call them when the overall mapping is tagged for or cleared from
writeback.  Update wait_sb_inodes() to walk only the inodes under
writeback due to the sync.

With this change, filesystem sync times are significantly reduced for
fs' with largely populated inode caches and otherwise no other work to
do.  For example, on a 16xcpu 2GHz x86-64 server, 10TB XFS filesystem
with a ~10m entry inode cache, sync times are reduced from ~7.3s to less
than 0.1s when the filesystem is fully clean.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1466594593-6757-2-git-send-email-bfoster@redhat.com


Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Josef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Brian Foster <bfoster@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Tested-by: Holger Hoffstätte <holger.hoffstaette@applied-asynchrony.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@ZenIV.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Clean up unnecessary assignment for 'ret'.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/578C61F6.4080403@huawei.com


Signed-off-by: Jun Piao <piaojun@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Joseph Qi <joseph.qi@huawei.com>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.de>
Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org>
Cc: Junxiao Bi <junxiao.bi@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

These BUG_ON(!inode) are obscure because we have already used inode to
get osb.  And actually we can guarantee here inode is valid in the
context.  So we can safely remove them.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/5776336A.6030104@huawei.com


Signed-off-by: Joseph Qi <joseph.qi@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Ren <zren@suse.com>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.de>
Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org>
Cc: Junxiao Bi <junxiao.bi@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Several prototypes in inode.h are just defined but not actually
implemented and used, so remove them.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/57763787.4020706@huawei.com


Signed-off-by: Joseph Qi <joseph.qi@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

dlm_debug_ctxt->debug_refcnt is initialized to 1 and then increased to 2
by dlm_debug_get in dlm_debug_init.  But dlm_debug_put is called only
once in dlm_debug_shutdown during unregister dlm, which leads to
dlm_debug_ctxt leaked.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/577BB755.4030900@huawei.com


Signed-off-by: Joseph Qi <joseph.qi@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Jiufei Xue <xuejiufei@huawei.com>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.de>
Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org>
Cc: Junxiao Bi <junxiao.bi@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The last goto is unneeded, so remove it.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/576213D3.6080002@huawei.com


Signed-off-by: Joseph Qi <joseph.qi@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.de>
Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org>
Cc: Junxiao Bi <junxiao.bi@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Journal replay will be run when performing recovery for a dead node.  To
avoid the stale cache impact, all blocks of dead node's journal inode
were reloaded from disk.  This hurts the performance.  Check whether one
block is cached before reloading it can improve performance a lot.  In
my test env, the time doing recovery was improved from 120s to 1s.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: clean up the for loop p_blkno handling]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1466155682-24656-1-git-send-email-junxiao.bi@oracle.com


Signed-off-by: Junxiao Bi <junxiao.bi@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Joseph Qi <joseph.qi@huawei.com>
Cc: "Gang He" <ghe@suse.com>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.de>
Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Obviously, memset() has zeroed the whole struct locking_max_version.
So, it's no need to zero its two fields individually.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1463970605-18354-1-git-send-email-zren@suse.com


Signed-off-by: Eric Ren <zren@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Joseph Qi <joseph.qi@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Gang He <ghe@suse.com>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.de>
Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org>
Cc: Junxiao Bi <junxiao.bi@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Add ':' to fix trivial kernel-doc warning in <linux/debugobjects.h>:

  ..//include/linux/debugobjects.h:63: warning: No description found for parameter 'is_static_object'

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/575B01B8.5060600@infradead.org


Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

We are having build failure with m32r and the error message being:

  ERROR: "__ucmpdi2" [lib/842/842_decompress.ko] undefined!
  ERROR: "__ucmpdi2" [fs/btrfs/btrfs.ko] undefined!
  ERROR: "__ucmpdi2" [drivers/scsi/sd_mod.ko] undefined!
  ERROR: "__ucmpdi2" [drivers/media/i2c/adv7842.ko] undefined!
  ERROR: "__ucmpdi2" [drivers/md/bcache/bcache.ko] undefined!
  ERROR: "__ucmpdi2" [drivers/iio/imu/inv_mpu6050/inv-mpu6050.ko] undefined!

__ucmpdi2 is introduced to m32r architecture taking example from other
architectures like h8300, microblaze, mips.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1465509213-4280-1-git-send-email-sudipm.mukherjee@gmail.com


Signed-off-by: Sudip Mukherjee <sudip.mukherjee@codethink.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Python divisions are integer divisions unless at least one parameter is
a float.  The current bloat-o-meter fails to print sub-percentage
changes:

  Total: Before=10515408, After=10604060, chg 0.000000%

Force float division by using one float and pretty the print to two
significant decimals:

  Total: Before=10515408, After=10604060, chg +0.84%

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1465980311-23814-1-git-send-email-riku.voipio@linaro.org


Signed-off-by: Riku Voipio <riku.voipio@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
Cc: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Before, the stack protector flag was sanity checked before .config had
been reprocessed.  This meant the build couldn't be aborted early, and
only a warning could be emitted followed later by the compiler blowing
up with an unknown flag.  This has caused a lot of confusion over time,
so this splits the flag selection from sanity checking and performs the
sanity checking after the make has been restarted from a reprocessed
.config, so builds can be aborted as early as possible now.

Additionally moves the x86-specific sanity check to the same location,
since it suffered from the same warn-then-wait-for-compiler-failure
problem.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160712223043.GA11664@www.outflux.net


Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

When building with "make W=1", we get a warning about an empty stub
function that does nothing but reassign its one of its arguments:

  drivers/video/fbdev/core/fbmon.c: In function 'fb_edid_to_monspecs':
  drivers/video/fbdev/core/fbmon.c:1497:67: error: parameter 'specs' set but not used [-Werror=unused-but-set-parameter]

We can simply make that function completely empty to avoid the warning.

This prevents a warning which everyone will see after "CFLAGS: add
-Wunused-but-set-parameter" is merged.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160715203229.1771162-1-arnd@arndb.de


Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Jean-Christophe Plagniol-Villard <plagnioj@jcrosoft.com>
Cc: Tomi Valkeinen <tomi.valkeinen@ti.com>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

get_hash_bucket() and put_hash_bucket() acquire and release the same
spinlock, but this confuses static checkers such as sparse

  lib/dma-debug.c:254:27: warning: context imbalance in 'get_hash_bucket' - wrong count at exit
  lib/dma-debug.c:268:13: warning: context imbalance in 'put_hash_bucket' - unexpected unlock

Add the appropriate acquire and release statements so that checkers can
properly track the lock state.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160701191552.24295-1-sboyd@codeaurora.org


Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd <sboyd@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>