crypto: arm64/sha - avoid non-standard inline asm tricks

Replace the inline asm which exports struct offsets as ELF symbols
with proper const variables exposing the same values. This works
around an issue with Clang which does not interpret the "i" (or "I")
constraints in the same way as GCC.

Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Matthias Kaehlcke <mka@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>