alarmtimers: Add alarm_forward functionality

In order to avoid wasting time expiring and re-adding very high freq
periodic alarmtimers, introduce alarm_forward() which is similar to
hrtimer_forward and moves the timer to the next future expiration time
and returns the number of overruns.

CC: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>