clk: make sure parent is not NULL in clk_fetch_parent_index()

If parent is given with NULL, clk_fetch_parent_index() could return
a positive index value.

Currently, parent is checked by the callers of this function, but
it would be safer to do it in this function.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Reviewed-by: Vladimir Zapolskiy <vz@mleia.com>
Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd <sboyd@codeaurora.org>