nilfs2: add more check routines in mount process

nilfs2: Add more safeguard routines and protections in mount process,
which also makes nilfs2 report consistency error messages when
checkpoint number is invalid.

Signed-off-by: Zhu Yanhai <zhu.yanhai@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>