scripts/setlocalversion: Improve -dirty check with git-status --no-optional-locks

git-diff-index does not refresh the index for you, so using it for a
"-dirty" check can give misleading results. Commit 6147b1cf
("scripts/setlocalversion: git: Make -dirty check more robust") tried to
fix this by switching to git-status, but it overlooked the fact that
git-status also writes to the .git directory of the source tree, which
is definitely not kosher for an out-of-tree (O=) build. That is getting
reverted.

Fortunately, git-status now supports avoiding writing to the index via
the --no-optional-locks flag, as of git 2.14. It still calculates an
up-to-date index, but it avoids writing it out to the .git directory.

So, let's retry the solution from commit 6147b1cf using this new
flag first, and if it fails, we assume this is an older version of git
and just use the old git-diff-index method.

It's hairy to get the 'grep -vq' (inverted matching) correct by stashing
the output of git-status (you have to ...