sctp: hold transport before accessing its asoc in sctp_transport_get_next

As Marcelo noticed, in sctp_transport_get_next, it is iterating over
transports but then also accessing the association directly, without
checking any refcnts before that, which can cause an use-after-free
Read.

So fix it by holding transport before accessing the association. With
that, sctp_transport_hold calls can be removed in the later places.

Fixes: 626d16f5 ("sctp: export some apis or variables for sctp_diag and reuse some for proc")
Reported-by:  <syzbot+fe62a0c9aa6a85c6de16@syzkaller.appspotmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Xin Long <lucien.xin@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Neil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com>
Acked-by: Marcelo Ricardo Leitner <marcelo.leitner@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>