i2c: Set a default timeout value for all adapters

Setting a default timeout value on a per-algo basis doesn't make any
sense. Move the default value setting to i2c-core. Individual adapter
drivers can specify a different (non-zero) value if they wish.

Also express the timeout value in a way which results in the same
duration regarless of the value of HZ.

Signed-off-by: Jean Delvare <khali@linux-fr.org>
Acked-by: Wolfram Sang <w.sang@pengutronix.de>