memcg: kmem accounting lifecycle management

Because kmem charges can outlive the cgroup, we need to make sure that we
won't free the memcg structure while charges are still in flight.  For
reviewing simplicity, the charge functions will issue mem_cgroup_get() at
every charge, and mem_cgroup_put() at every uncharge.

This can get expensive, however, and we can do better.  mem_cgroup_get()
only really needs to be issued once: when the first limit is set.  In the
same spirit, we only need to issue mem_cgroup_put() when the last charge
is gone.

We'll need an extra bit in kmem_account_flags for that:
KMEM_ACCOUNTED_DEAD.  it will be set when the cgroup dies, if there are
charges in the group.  If there aren't, we can proceed right away.

Our uncharge function will have to test that bit every time the charges
drop to 0.  Because that is not the likely output of res_counter_uncharge,
this should not impose a big hit on us: it is certainly much better than a
reference count decrease at every operation.

Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: JoonSoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>