Btrfs: fix race between device replace and discard

While we are finishing a device replace operation, we can make a discard
operation (fs mounted with -o discard) do an invalid memory access like
the one reported by the following trace:

[ 3206.384654] general protection fault: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP
[ 3206.387520] Modules linked in: dm_mod btrfs crc32c_generic xor raid6_pq acpi_cpufreq tpm_tis psmouse tpm ppdev sg parport_pc evdev i2c_piix4 parport
processor serio_raw i2c_core pcspkr button loop autofs4 ext4 crc16 jbd2 mbcache sr_mod cdrom ata_generic sd_mod virtio_scsi ata_piix libata virtio_pci
virtio_ring scsi_mod e1000 virtio floppy [last unloaded: btrfs]
[ 3206.388595] CPU: 14 PID: 29194 Comm: fsstress Not tainted 4.6.0-rc7-btrfs-next-29+ #1
[ 3206.388595] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS by qemu-project.org 04/01/2014
[ 3206.388595] task: ffff88017ace0100 ti: ffff880171b98000 task.ti: ffff880171b98000
[ 3206.388595] RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff8124d233>]  [<ffffffff8124d233>] blkdev_issue_discard+0x5c/0x2a7
[ 3206.388595] RSP: 0018:ffff880171b9bb80  EFLAGS: 00010246
[ 3206.388595] RAX: ffff880171b9bc28 RBX: 000000000090d000 RCX: 0000000000000000
[ 3206.388595] RDX: ffffffff82fa1b48 RSI: ffffffff8179f46c RDI: ffffffff82fa1b48
[ 3206.388595] RBP: ffff880171b9bcc0 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000001
[ 3206.388595] R10: ffff880171b9bce0 R11: 000000000090f000 R12: ffff880171b9bbe8
[ 3206.388595] R13: 0000000000000010 R14: 0000000000004868 R15: 6b6b6b6b6b6b6b6b
[ 3206.388595] FS:  00007f6182e4e700(0000) GS:ffff88023fdc0000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[ 3206.388595] CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
[ 3206.388595] CR2: 00007f617c2bbb18 CR3: 000000017ad9c000 CR4: 00000000000006e0
[ 3206.388595] Stack:
[ 3206.388595]  0000000000004878 0000000000000000 0000000002400040 0000000000000000
[ 3206.388595]  0000000000000000 ffff880171b9bbe8 ffff880171b9bbb0 ffff880171b9bbb0
[ 3206.388595]  ffff880171b9bbc0 ffff880171b9bbc0 ffff880171b9bbd0 ffff880171b9bbd0
[ 3206.388595] Call Trace:
[ 3206.388595]  [<ffffffffa042899e>] btrfs_issue_discard+0x12f/0x143 [btrfs]
[ 3206.388595]  [<ffffffffa042899e>] ? btrfs_issue_discard+0x12f/0x143 [btrfs]
[ 3206.388595]  [<ffffffffa042e862>] btrfs_discard_extent+0x87/0xde [btrfs]
[ 3206.388595]  [<ffffffffa04303b5>] btrfs_finish_extent_commit+0xb2/0x1df [btrfs]
[ 3206.388595]  [<ffffffff8149c246>] ? __mutex_unlock_slowpath+0x150/0x15b
[ 3206.388595]  [<ffffffffa04464c4>] btrfs_commit_transaction+0x7fc/0x980 [btrfs]
[ 3206.388595]  [<ffffffff8149c246>] ? __mutex_unlock_slowpath+0x150/0x15b
[ 3206.388595]  [<ffffffffa0459af6>] btrfs_sync_file+0x38f/0x428 [btrfs]
[ 3206.388595]  [<ffffffff811a8292>] vfs_fsync_range+0x8c/0x9e
[ 3206.388595]  [<ffffffff811a82c0>] vfs_fsync+0x1c/0x1e
[ 3206.388595]  [<ffffffff811a8417>] do_fsync+0x31/0x4a
[ 3206.388595]  [<ffffffff811a8637>] SyS_fsync+0x10/0x14
[ 3206.388595]  [<ffffffff8149e025>] entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x18/0xa8
[ 3206.388595]  [<ffffffff81100c6b>] ? time_hardirqs_off+0x9/0x14
[ 3206.388595]  [<ffffffff8108e87d>] ? trace_hardirqs_off_caller+0x1f/0xaa

This happens because when we call btrfs_map_block() from
btrfs_discard_extent() to get a btrfs_bio structure, the device replace
operation has not finished yet, but before we use the device of one of the
stripes from the returned btrfs_bio structure, the device object is freed.

This is illustrated by the following diagram.

            CPU 1                                                  CPU 2

 btrfs_dev_replace_start()

 (...)

 btrfs_dev_replace_finishing()

   btrfs_start_transaction()
   btrfs_commit_transaction()

   (...)

                                                            btrfs_sync_file()
                                                              btrfs_start_transaction()

                                                              (...)

                                                              btrfs_commit_transaction()
                                                                btrfs_finish_extent_commit()
                                                                  btrfs_discard_extent()
                                                                    btrfs_map_block()
                                                                      --> returns a struct btrfs_bio
                                                                          with a stripe that has a
                                                                          device field pointing to
                                                                          source device of the replace
                                                                          operation (the device that
                                                                          is being replaced)

   mutex_lock(&uuid_mutex)
   mutex_lock(&fs_info->fs_devices->device_list_mutex)
   mutex_lock(&fs_info->chunk_mutex)

   btrfs_dev_replace_update_device_in_mapping_tree()
     --> iterates the mapping tree and for each
         extent map that has a stripe pointing to
         the source device, it updates the stripe
         to point to the target device instead

   btrfs_rm_dev_replace_blocked()
     --> waits for fs_info->bio_counter to go down to 0

   btrfs_rm_dev_replace_remove_srcdev()
     --> removes source device from the list of devices

   mutex_unlock(&fs_info->chunk_mutex)
   mutex_unlock(&fs_info->fs_devices->device_list_mutex)
   mutex_unlock(&uuid_mutex)

   btrfs_rm_dev_replace_free_srcdev()
     --> frees the source device

                                                                    --> iterates over all stripes
                                                                        of the returned struct
                                                                        btrfs_bio
                                                                    --> for each stripe it
                                                                        dereferences its device
                                                                        pointer
                                                                        --> it ends up finding a
                                                                            pointer to the device
                                                                            used as the source
                                                                            device for the replace
                                                                            operation and that was
                                                                            already freed

So fix this by surrounding the call to btrfs_map_block(), and the code
that uses the returned struct btrfs_bio, with calls to
btrfs_bio_counter_inc_blocked() and btrfs_bio_counter_dec(), so that
the finishing phase of the device replace operation blocks until the
the bio counter decreases to zero before it frees the source device.
This is the same approach we do at btrfs_map_bio() for example.

Signed-off-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Josef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com>