malloc: Remove malloc_get_state, malloc_set_state [BZ #19473]

After the removal of __malloc_initialize_hook, newly compiled
Emacs binaries are no longer able to use these interfaces.
malloc_get_state is only used during the Emacs build process,
so we provide a stub implementation only.  Existing Emacs binaries
will not call this stub function, but still reference the symbol.

The rewritten tst-mallocstate test constructs a dumped heap
which should approximates what existing Emacs binaries pass
to glibc malloc.