Increase fork signal safety for single-threaded processes [BZ #19703]

This provides a band-aid and addresses the scenario where fork is
called from a signal handler while the process is in the malloc
subsystem (or has acquired the libio list lock).  It does not
address the general issue of async-signal-safety of fork;
multi-threaded processes are not covered, and some glibc
subsystems have fork handlers which are not async-signal-safe.

(cherry picked from commit 56290d6e)
(cherry picked from commit 2143af6a)