syslog: Fix large messages (BZ#29536)

The a583b6ad change did not handle large messages that
would require a heap allocation correctly, where the message itself
is not take in consideration.

This patch fixes it and extend the tst-syslog to check for large
messages as well.

Checked on x86_64-linux-gnu.

Reviewed-by: Siddhesh Poyarekar <siddhesh@sourceware.org>
(cherry picked from commit 52a5be0d)