mips: Fix argument passing for inlined syscalls on Linux [BZ #25523]

According to [gcc documentation][1], temporary variables must be used for
the desired content to not be call-clobbered.

Fix the Linux inline syscall templates by adding temporary variables,
much like what x86 did before
(commit 381a0c26).

Tested with gcc 9.2.0, both cross-compiled and natively on Loongson
3A4000.

[1]: https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Local-Register-Variables.html

(cherry picked from commit 4fbba6fe)