elf: Add a way to check if tunable is set (BZ 27069)

The patch adds two new macros, TUNABLE_GET_DEFAULT and TUNABLE_IS_INITIALIZED,
here the former get the default value with a signature similar to
TUNABLE_GET, while the later returns whether the tunable was set by
the environment variable.

Checked on x86_64-linux-gnu.
Reviewed-by: DJ Delorie <dj@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Zhangfei Gao <zhangfei.gao@linaro.org>