linux: Avoid shifting a negative signed on POSIX timer interface

The current macros uses pid as signed value, which triggers a compiler
warning for process and thread timers.  Replace MAKE_PROCESS_CPUCLOCK
with static inline function that expects the pid as unsigned.  These
are similar to what Linux does internally.

Checked on x86_64-linux-gnu.
Reviewed-by: Arjun Shankar <arjun@redhat.com>