Handle NULL input to malloc_usable_size [BZ #28506]

Hoist the NULL check for malloc_usable_size into its entry points in
malloc-debug and malloc and assume non-NULL in all callees.  This fixes
BZ #28506

Signed-off-by: Siddhesh Poyarekar <siddhesh@sourceware.org>
Reviewed-by: Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Richard W.M. Jones <rjones@redhat.com>