tunables: Simplify TUNABLE_SET interface

The TUNABLE_SET interface took a primitive C type argument, which
resulted in inconsistent type conversions internally due to incorrect
dereferencing of types, especialy on 32-bit architectures.  This
change simplifies the TUNABLE setting logic along with the interfaces.

Now all numeric tunable values are stored as signed numbers in
tunable_num_t, which is intmax_t.  All calls to set tunables cast the
input value to its primitive type and then to tunable_num_t for
storage.  This relies on gcc-specific (although I suspect other
compilers woul also do the same) unsigned to signed integer conversion
semantics, i.e. the bit pattern is conserved.  The reverse conversion
is guaranteed by the standard.