Use clock_gettime to implement timespec_get.

timespec_get is the same function as clock_gettime, with an obnoxious
coating of NIH painted on it by the ISO C committee.  In addition to
the rename, it takes its arguments in a different order, it returns 0
on *failure* or a positive number on *success*, and it requires that
all of its TIME_* constants be positive.  This last means we cannot
directly reuse the existing CLOCK_* constants for it, because
those have been allocated starting with CLOCK_REALTIME = 0 on all
existing platforms.

This patch simply promotes the sysdeps/posix implementation to
universal, and removes the Linux-specific implementation, whose
apparent reason for existing was to cut out one function call's worth
of overhead.

Checked on x86_64-linux-gnu, i686-linux-gnu, powerpc64le-linux-gnu,
powerpc64-linux-gnu, powerpc-linux-gnu, and aarch64-linux-gnu.

Reviewed-by: Lukasz Majewski <lukma@denx.de>