syslog: Fix heap buffer overflow in __vsyslog_internal (CVE-2023-6779)

__vsyslog_internal used the return value of snprintf/vsnprintf to
calculate buffer sizes for memory allocation.  If these functions (for
any reason) failed and returned -1, the resulting buffer would be too
small to hold output.  This commit fixes that.

All snprintf/vsnprintf calls are checked for negative return values and
the function silently returns upon encountering them.

Reviewed-by: Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
(cherry picked from commit 7e5a0c28)