gdb: pass target to thread_ptid_changed observable

I noticed what I think is a potential bug.  I did not observe it nor was
I able to reproduce it using actual debugging.  It's quite unlikely,
because it involves multi-target and ptid clashes.  I added selftests
that demonstrate it though.

The thread_ptid_changed observer says that thread with OLD_PTID now has
NEW_PTID.  Now, if for some reason we happen to have two targets
defining a thread with OLD_PTID, the observers don't know which thread
this is about.

regcache::regcache_thread_ptid_changed changes all regcaches with
OLD_PTID.  If there is a regcache for a thread with ptid OLD_PTID, but
that belongs to a different target, this regcache will be erroneously
changed.

Similarly, infrun_thread_ptid_changed updates inferior_ptid if
inferior_ptid matches OLD_PTID.  But if inferior_ptid currently refers
not to the thread is being changed, but to a thread with the same ptid
belonging to a different target, then inferior_ptid will erroneously be
changed.

This patch adds a `process_stratum_target *` parameter to the
`thread_ptid_changed` observable and makes the two observers use it.
Tests for both are added, which would fail if the corresponding fix
wasn't done.

gdb/ChangeLog:

	* observable.h (thread_ptid_changed): Add parameter
	`process_stratum_target *`.
	* infrun.c (infrun_thread_ptid_changed): Add parameter
	`process_stratum_target *` and use it.
	(selftests): New namespace.
	(infrun_thread_ptid_changed): New function.
	(_initialize_infrun): Register selftest.
	* regcache.c (regcache_thread_ptid_changed): Add parameter
	`process_stratum_target *` and use it.
	(regcache_thread_ptid_changed): New function.
	(_initialize_regcache): Register selftest.
	* thread.c (thread_change_ptid): Pass target to
	thread_ptid_changed observable.

Change-Id: I0599e61224b6d154a7b55088a894cb88298c3c71