src/shared/dissect-image.c: fix build without blkdid (#16901)

N_DEVICE_NODE_LIST_ATTEMPTS is unconditionally used since version 246 and
https://github.com/systemd/systemd/commit/ac1f3ad05f7476ae58981dcba45dfeb2c0006824

However, this variable is only defined if HAVE_BLKID is set resulting in
the following build failure if cryptsetup is enabled but not libblkid:

../src/shared/dissect-image.c:1336:34: error: 'N_DEVICE_NODE_LIST_ATTEMPTS' undeclared (first use in this function)
 1336 |         for (unsigned i = 0; i < N_DEVICE_NODE_LIST_ATTEMPTS; i++) {
      |

Fixes:
 - http://autobuild.buildroot.org/results/67782c225c08387c1bbcbea9eee3ca12bc6577cd
(cherry picked from commit 28e2641a)
(cherry picked from commit d6b1e659)
(cherry picked from commit 2cba282b)
(cherry picked from commit 02bba02f)