KVM: selftests: Refactor X86_FEATURE_* framework to prep for X86_PROPERTY_*

Refactor the X86_FEATURE_* framework to prepare for extending the core
logic to support "properties".  The "feature" framework allows querying a
single CPUID bit to detect the presence of a feature; the "property"
framework will extend the idea to allow querying a value, i.e. to get a
value that is a set of contiguous bits in a CPUID leaf.

Opportunistically add static asserts to ensure features are fully defined
at compile time, and to try and catch mistakes in the definition of
features.

No functional change intended.

Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20221006005125.680782-3-seanjc@google.com