block: sed-opal: Add ioctl to return device status

Provide a mechanism to retrieve basic status information about
the device, including the "supported" flag indicating whether
SED-OPAL is supported. The information returned is from the various
feature descriptors received during the discovery0 step, and so
this ioctl does nothing more than perform the discovery0 step
and then save the information received. See "struct opal_status"
and OPAL_FL_* bits for the status information currently returned.

This is necessary to be able to check whether a device is OPAL
enabled, set up, locked or unlocked from userspace programs
like systemd-cryptsetup and libcryptsetup. Right now we just
have to assume the user 'knows' or blindly attempt setup/lock/unlock
operations.

Signed-off-by: Douglas Miller <dougmill@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Luca Boccassi <bluca@debian.org>
Reviewed-by: Scott Bauer <sbauer@plzdonthack.me>
Acked-by: Christian Brauner (Microsoft) <brauner@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220816140713.84893-1-luca.boccassi@gmail.com


Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>