rbd: set up devices only for mapped images

Stop setting up Linux devices during the image probe operation.
Instead, set up the devices as a separate step after the image
probe, in rbd_add().

A consequence of this is that only mapped images get devices
assigned to them, which is pretty sweet.

This resolves:
    http://tracker.ceph.com/issues/4774

Signed-off-by: Alex Elder <elder@inktank.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Durgin <josh.durgin@inktank.com>