bpf: x86: Factor out emission of REX byte

The JIT case for encoding atomic ops is about to get more
complicated. In order to make the review & resulting code easier,
let's factor out some shared helpers.

Signed-off-by: Brendan Jackman <jackmanb@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: John Fastabend <john.fastabend@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210114181751.768687-3-jackmanb@google.com