selftests/bpf: Test bpf_link's get_next_id, get_fd_by_id, and get_obj_info

Extend bpf_obj_id selftest to verify bpf_link's observability APIs.

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200429001614.1544-7-andriin@fb.com