selftests/sgx: Produce static-pie executable for test enclave

The current combination of -static and -fPIC creates a static executable
with position-dependent addresses for global variables. Use -static-pie
and -fPIE to create a proper static position independent executable that
can be loaded at any address without a dynamic linker.

When building the original "lea (encl_stack)(%rbx), %rax" assembly code
with -static-pie -fPIE, the linker complains about a relocation it cannot
resolve:

/usr/local/bin/ld: /tmp/cchIWyfG.o: relocation R_X86_64_32S against
`.data' can not be used when making a PIE object; recompile with -fPIE
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

Thus, since only RIP-relative addressing is legit for local symbols, use
"encl_stack(%rip)" and declare an explicit "__encl_base" symbol at the
start of the linker script to be able to calculate the stack address
relative to the current TCS in the enclave assembly entry code.

Signed-off-by: Jo Van Bulck <jo.vanbulck@cs.kuleuven.be>
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Kai Huang <kai.huang@intel.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/f9c24d89-ed72-7d9e-c650-050d722c6b04@cs.kuleuven.be/
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20231005153854.25566-8-jo.vanbulck%40cs.kuleuven.be