bpf: Add support for BPF_OBJ_GET_INFO_BY_FD for bpf_link

Add ability to fetch bpf_link details through BPF_OBJ_GET_INFO_BY_FD command.
Also enhance show_fdinfo to potentially include bpf_link type-specific
information (similarly to obj_info).

Also introduce enum bpf_link_type stored in bpf_link itself and expose it in
UAPI. bpf_link_tracing also now will store and return bpf_attach_type.

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200429001614.1544-5-andriin@fb.com