clk: Introduce Kunit Tests for the framework

Let's test various parts of the rate-related clock API with the kunit
testing framework.

Cc: kunit-dev@googlegroups.com
Tested-by: Daniel Latypov <dlatypov@google.com>
Suggested-by: Stephen Boyd <sboyd@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Maxime Ripard <maxime@cerno.tech>