xfs: catch inode allocation state mismatch corruption

We recently came across a V4 filesystem causing memory corruption
due to a newly allocated inode being setup twice and being added to
the superblock inode list twice. From code inspection, the only way
this could happen is if a newly allocated inode was not marked as
free on disk (i.e. di_mode wasn't zero).

Running the metadump on an upstream debug kernel fails during inode
allocation like so:

XFS: Assertion failed: ip->i_d.di_nblocks == 0, file: fs/xfs/xfs_inod=
e.c, line: 838
 ------------[ cut here ]------------
kernel BUG at fs/xfs/xfs_message.c:114!
invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP
CPU: 11 PID: 3496 Comm: mkdir Not tainted 4.16.0-rc5-dgc #442
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.10.2-1 04/0=
1/2014
RIP: 0010:assfail+0x28/0x30
RSP: 0018:ffffc9000236fc80 EFLAGS: 00010202
RAX: 00000000ffffffea RBX: 0000000000004000 RCX: 0000000000000000
RDX: 00000000ffffffc0 RSI: 000000000000000a RDI: ffffffff8227211b
RBP: ffffc9000236fce8 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 0000000000000bec R11: f000000000000000 R12: ffffc9000236fd30
R13: ffff8805c76bab80 R14: ffff8805c77ac800 R15: ffff88083fb12e10
FS:  00007fac8cbff040(0000) GS:ffff88083fd00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000=
000
CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: 00007fffa6783ff8 CR3: 00000005c6e2b003 CR4: 00000000000606e0
Call Trace:
 xfs_ialloc+0x383/0x570
 xfs_dir_ialloc+0x6a/0x2a0
 xfs_create+0x412/0x670
 xfs_generic_create+0x1f7/0x2c0
 ? capable_wrt_inode_uidgid+0x3f/0x50
 vfs_mkdir+0xfb/0x1b0
 SyS_mkdir+0xcf/0xf0
 do_syscall_64+0x73/0x1a0
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x42/0xb7

Extracting the inode number we crashed on from an event trace and
looking at it with xfs_db:

xfs_db> inode 184452204
xfs_db> p
core.magic = 0x494e
core.mode = 0100644
core.version = 2
core.format = 2 (extents)
core.nlinkv2 = 1
core.onlink = 0
.....

Confirms that it is not a free inode on disk. xfs_repair
also trips over this inode:

.....
zero length extent (off = 0, fsbno = 0) in ino 184452204
correcting nextents for inode 184452204
bad attribute fork in inode 184452204, would clear attr fork
bad nblocks 1 for inode 184452204, would reset to 0
bad anextents 1 for inode 184452204, would reset to 0
imap claims in-use inode 184452204 is free, would correct imap
would have cleared inode 184452204
.....
disconnected inode 184452204, would move to lost+found

And so we have a situation where the directory structure and the
inobt thinks the inode is free, but the inode on disk thinks it is
still in use. Where this corruption came from is not possible to
diagnose, but we can detect it and prevent the kernel from oopsing
on lookup. The reproducer now results in:

$ sudo mkdir /mnt/scratch/{0,1,2,3,4,5}{0,1,2,3,4,5}
mkdir: cannot create directory =E2=80=98/mnt/scratch/00=E2=80=99: File ex=
ists
mkdir: cannot create directory =E2=80=98/mnt/scratch/01=E2=80=99: File ex=
ists
mkdir: cannot create directory =E2=80=98/mnt/scratch/03=E2=80=99: Structu=
re needs cleaning
mkdir: cannot create directory =E2=80=98/mnt/scratch/04=E2=80=99: Input/o=
utput error
mkdir: cannot create directory =E2=80=98/mnt/scratch/05=E2=80=99: Input/o=
utput error
....

And this corruption shutdown:

[   54.843517] XFS (loop0): Corruption detected! Free inode 0xafe846c not=
 marked free on disk
[   54.845885] XFS (loop0): Internal error xfs_trans_cancel at line 1023 =
of file fs/xfs/xfs_trans.c.  Caller xfs_create+0x425/0x670
[   54.848994] CPU: 10 PID: 3541 Comm: mkdir Not tainted 4.16.0-rc5-dgc #=
443
[   54.850753] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIO=
S 1.10.2-1 04/01/2014
[   54.852859] Call Trace:
[   54.853531]  dump_stack+0x85/0xc5
[   54.854385]  xfs_trans_cancel+0x197/0x1c0
[   54.855421]  xfs_create+0x425/0x670
[   54.856314]  xfs_generic_create+0x1f7/0x2c0
[   54.857390]  ? capable_wrt_inode_uidgid+0x3f/0x50
[   54.858586]  vfs_mkdir+0xfb/0x1b0
[   54.859458]  SyS_mkdir+0xcf/0xf0
[   54.860254]  do_syscall_64+0x73/0x1a0
[   54.861193]  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x42/0xb7
[   54.862492] RIP: 0033:0x7fb73bddf547
[   54.863358] RSP: 002b:00007ffdaa553338 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000=
000000000053
[   54.865133] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007ffdaa55449a RCX: 00007fb73=
bddf547
[   54.866766] RDX: 0000000000000001 RSI: 00000000000001ff RDI: 00007ffda=
a55449a
[   54.868432] RBP: 00007ffdaa55449a R08: 00000000000001ff R09: 00005623a=
8670dd0
[   54.870110] R10: 00007fb73be72d5b R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 000000000=
00001ff
[   54.871752] R13: 00007ffdaa5534b0 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 00007ffda=
a553500
[   54.873429] XFS (loop0): xfs_do_force_shutdown(0x8) called from line 1=
024 of file fs/xfs/xfs_trans.c.  Return address = ffffffff814cd050
[   54.882790] XFS (loop0): Corruption of in-memory data detected.  Shutt=
ing down filesystem
[   54.884597] XFS (loop0): Please umount the filesystem and rectify the =
problem(s)

Note that this crash is only possible on v4 filesystemsi or v5
filesystems mounted with the ikeep mount option. For all other V5
filesystems, this problem cannot occur because we don't read inodes
we are allocating from disk - we simply overwrite them with the new
inode information.

Signed-Off-By: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Carlos Maiolino <cmaiolino@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Carlos Maiolino <cmaiolino@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>