selftests/bpf: Bump and validate MAX_SYMS

BPF tests that load /proc/kallsyms, e.g. bpf_cookie, will perform a
buffer overrun if the number of syms on the system is larger than
MAX_SYMS.

Bump the MAX_SYMS to 400000, and add a runtime check that bails out if
the maximum is reached.

Signed-off-by: Björn Töpel <bjorn@rivosinc.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Stanislav Fomichev <sdf@google.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230706142228.1128452-1-bjorn@kernel.org