fs/adfs: super: extract filesystem block probe

Separate the filesystem block probing from the superblock filling so
we can support other ADFS filesystem formats, such as the single-zone
E and E+ floppy image formats which do not have a boot block.

Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@armlinux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>