bpf: Disallow negative offset in check_ptr_off_reg

check_ptr_off_reg only allows fixed offset to be set for PTR_TO_BTF_ID,
where reg->off < 0 doesn't make sense. This would shift the pointer
backwards, and fails later in btf_struct_ids_match or btf_struct_walk
due to out of bounds access (since offset is interpreted as unsigned).

Improve the verifier by rejecting this case by using a better error
message for BPF helpers and kfunc, by putting a check inside the
check_func_arg_reg_off function.

Also, update existing verifier selftests to work with new error string.

Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20220304224645.3677453-4-memxor@gmail.com