ice: PTP: move quad value check inside ice_fill_phy_msg_e822

The callers of ice_fill_phy_msg_e822 check for whether the quad number is
within the expected range. Move this check inside the ice_fill_phy_msg_e822
function instead of duplicating it twice.

Signed-off-by: Karol Kolacinski <karol.kolacinski@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jacob Keller <jacob.e.keller@intel.com>
Tested-by: Pucha Himasekhar Reddy <himasekharx.reddy.pucha@intel.com> (A Contingent worker at Intel)
Signed-off-by: Tony Nguyen <anthony.l.nguyen@intel.com>