timerfd: convert to ->read_iter()

Switch timerfd to using fops->read_iter(), so it can support not just
O_NONBLOCK but IOCB_NOWAIT as well. With the latter, users like io_uring
interact with timerfds a lot better, as they can be driven purely
by the poll trigger.

Manually get and install the required fd, so that FMODE_NOWAIT can be
set before the file is installed into the file table.

No functional changes intended in this patch, it's purely a straight
conversion to using the read iterator method.

Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>