MIPS: fix fortify panic when copying asm exception handlers

With KCFLAGS="-O3", I was able to trigger a fortify-source
memcpy() overflow panic on set_vi_srs_handler().
Although O3 level is not supported in the mainline, under some
conditions that may've happened with any optimization settings,
it's just a matter of inlining luck. The panic itself is correct,
more precisely, 50/50 false-positive and not at the same time.
From the one side, no real overflow happens. Exception handler
defined in asm just gets copied to some reserved places in the
memory.
But the reason behind is that C code refers to that exception
handler declares it as `char`, i.e. something of 1 byte length.
It's obvious that the asm function itself is way more than 1 byte,
so fortify logics thought we are going to past the symbol declared.
The standard way to refer to asm symbols from C code which is not
supposed to be called from C is to declare them as
`extern const u8[]`. This is fully correct from any point of view,
as any code itself is just a bunch of bytes (including 0 as it is
for syms like _stext/_etext/etc.), and the exact size is not known
at the moment of compilation.
Adjust the type of the except_vec_vi_*() and related variables.
Make set_handler() take `const` as a second argument to avoid
cast-away warnings and give a little more room for optimization.

Signed-off-by: Alexander Lobakin <alobakin@pm.me>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>