btrfs: Introduce mount time chunk <-> dev extent mapping check

This patch will introduce chunk <-> dev extent mapping check, to protect
us against invalid dev extents or chunks.

Since chunk mapping is the fundamental infrastructure of btrfs, extra
check at mount time could prevent a lot of unexpected behavior (BUG_ON).

Reported-by: Xu Wen <wen.xu@gatech.edu>
Link: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=200403
Link: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=200407


Signed-off-by: Qu Wenruo <wqu@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Su Yue <suy.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>