drm/i915/dp: Sanitize link common rate array lookups

Add an assert that lookups from the intel_dp->common_rates[] array
are always valid.

Cc: Ville Syrjälä <ville.syrjala@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Imre Deak <imre.deak@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Ville Syrjälä <ville.syrjala@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@intel.com>
Link: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/msgid/20211018094154.1407705-7-imre.deak@intel.com