i2c: add a protocol parameter to the alert callback

.alert() is meant to be generic, but there is currently no way
for the device driver to know which protocol generated the alert.
Add a parameter in .alert() to help the device driver to understand
what is given in data.

This patch is required to have the support of SMBus Host Notify protocol
through .alert().

Tested-by: Andrew Duggan <aduggan@synaptics.com>
For hwmon:
Acked-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
For IPMI:
Acked-by: Corey Minyard <cminyard@mvista.com>
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Tissoires <benjamin.tissoires@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Wolfram Sang <wsa@the-dreams.de>