i2c: apply DT flags when probing

Check for slave and 10-bit flags when probing and mark the client when
found. Improve the address validity check, too

Tested-by: Andrey Danin <danindrey@mail.ru>
Acked-by: Stephen Warren <swarren@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Wolfram Sang <wsa+renesas@sang-engineering.com>
Signed-off-by: Wolfram Sang <wsa@the-dreams.de>