block: Declare several function pointer arguments 'const'

Make it clear to the compiler and also to humans that the functions
that query request queue properties do not modify any member of the
request_queue data structure.

Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <jthumshirn@suse.de>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Cc: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>