erofs: clean up z_erofs_extent_lookback

Avoid the unnecessary tail recursion since it can be converted into
a loop directly in order to prevent potential stack overflow.

It's a pretty straightforward conversion.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220310182743.102365-1-hsiangkao@linux.alibaba.com


Reviewed-by: Yue Hu <huyue2@coolpad.com>
Reviewed-by: Chao Yu <chao@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Gao Xiang <hsiangkao@linux.alibaba.com>