tcp: avoid too many retransmit packets

If a TCP socket is using TCP_USER_TIMEOUT, and the other peer
retracted its window to zero, tcp_retransmit_timer() can
retransmit a packet every two jiffies (2 ms for HZ=1000),
for about 4 minutes after TCP_USER_TIMEOUT has 'expired'.

The fix is to make sure tcp_rtx_probe0_timed_out() takes
icsk->icsk_user_timeout into account.

Before blamed commit, the socket would not timeout after
icsk->icsk_user_timeout, but would use standard exponential
backoff for the retransmits.

Also worth noting that before commit e89688e3 ("net: tcp:
fix unexcepted socket die when snd_wnd is 0"), the issue
would last 2 minutes instead of 4.

Fixes: b701a99e

 ("tcp: Add tcp_clamp_rto_to_user_timeout() helper to improve accuracy")
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Cc: Neal Cardwell <ncardwell@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Jason Xing <kerneljasonxing@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Jon Maxwell <jmaxwell37@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kuniyuki Iwashima <kuniyu@amazon.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20240710001402.2758273-1-edumazet@google.com
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>