block: add queue_to_disk() to get gendisk from request_queue

Sometimes we need to get the corresponding gendisk from request_queue.

It is preferred that block drivers store private data in
gendisk->private_data rather than request_queue->queuedata, e.g. see:
commit c4a59c4e ("dm: stop using ->queuedata").

So if only request_queue is given, we need to get its corresponding
gendisk to get the private data stored in that gendisk.

Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jeffle Xu <jefflexu@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>