nilfs2: make snapshots in checkpoint tree exportable

The previous export operations cannot handle multiple versions of
a filesystem if they belong to the same sb instance.

This adds a new type of file handle and extends export operations so
that they can get the inode specified by a checkpoint number as well
as an inode number and a generation number.

Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>