efi/libstub: Add generic support for parsing mem_encrypt=

Parse the mem_encrypt= command line parameter from the EFI stub if
CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_MEM_ENCRYPT=y, so that it can be passed to the early
boot code by the arch code in the stub.

This avoids the need for the core kernel to do any string parsing very
early in the boot.

Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Tested-by: Tom Lendacky <thomas.lendacky@amd.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240227151907.387873-16-ardb+git@google.com