dt-bindings: at24: Rework special case compatible handling

Sort the compatible values for the special cases by EEPROM size, like is
done for the normal cases.
Combine entries with a common fallback using enums, to compact the
table.

Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert+renesas@glider.be>
Signed-off-by: Bartosz Golaszewski <brgl@bgdev.pl>